Summary Of Erikson's Eight Stages Of Development

1a) According to Erik Erikson’s theory there are eight stages of development for a human being to unfold. Firstly a child goes through Erikson’s first stage of development, Trust versus mistrust. This stage leads on to the second stage of development, Autonomy versus shame and the third stage of development, Initiative versus guilt happens during a child’s preschool age. This is a period where a child is exposed to many social activities and challenges where he will be require active, purposeful and responsible behaviour. Along the way feelings of guilt may arise when the child is irresponsible and made to feel him anxious as mentioned by Erik Erikson. ( Santrock, J. W. (2014). ) At each stage mentioned by Eric Erikson “A basic psychosocial conflict…determines healthy or maladaptive outcomes at each stage.” Berk, L. E. (2013). A commonly developing four year old child should be able to

At this period of time toddlers are able to walk and run quickly, balance on their feet in a squatting position, walk backwards, throw an object, kick and jump in place. On the other hand, a toddler has hardly any control over their fine motor skills. He refines his ability to grasp objects by holding an object with his whole hand. (palmer grip). ( Santrock, J. W. (2014). ) According to Piaget’s theory between the age 2 to 7 years old children falls under the preoperational Stage. A toddler at this age make-believe play. He pretends with less realistic toys. For an example he uses a block for a cake. Slowly, the child can imagine objects and events without any support from the environment. 2 year old child’s vocabulary grows. The child combines two words in telegraphic speech and as three-words sentences appear the child slowly adds grammatical morphemes. Finally the child now engages in conversation and takes turn and maintain