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Essay On Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria
Introduction
Until recently, Antibiotics are medicines used to avoid and give bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria alteration in comeback to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. Bacteria could infect humans and animals, and the infections they purpose are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance leads to greater medical costs, long hospital stays, and increased mortality. The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics. Even if new medicines are developed, without behavior change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major danger. Behavior variations must …show more content…

Antibiotic has successfully stopped or treated infections that can occur in patients who are receiving chemotherapy treatments; who have chronic diseases such as diabetes, end-stage renal disease, or rheumatoid arthritis; or who have had complex surgeries such as organ transplants, joint replacements, or cardiac surgery.
Antibiotics have also aided to extend expected life spans by changing the outcome of bacterial infections.

Antibiotic …show more content…

Although antibiotics are basically current against bacteria, compound increase is locked in a co-evolutionary battle with natural bacterial compounds, involuntarily promotion the improvement of resistance. Bacteria have found a host of mechanisms to circumvent antibiotic killing and transmit resistance, that until recently were thought to impose a significant burden on overall evolutionary fitness, allowing susceptible organisms to ultimately outcompete their resistant counterparts. Mostly, these mechanisms can be gathered as either innate resistance or, of more concern to modern clinical and agriculture practice, acquired

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After lawn inoculating a Meuller Hinton plate and placing the samples of medication, the plate was then incubated for one week at 37 degrees Celsius. The first medication choice was Trimethoprim, this produced a zone of inhibition of 16mm, therefore being sensitive to the bacteria. Antibiotic number two was nalidixic acid, this too, has a zone of inhibition of 16mm but is considered intermediate. The next antibiotic was erythromycin which produced a zone of inhibition of zero and was therefore resistant. The last antibiotic that was chosen to be used in the experiment was ciprofloxacin.

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“Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that the two groups differed in sensitivity to penicillin and erythromycin, but no other antibiotics.” (Article abstract).Out of the nine hundred samples they took, the group showed the bacteria was defeated by the antibiotic penicillin and the antibiotic erythromycin but the other antibiotics didn’t touch the bacteria. The experiment showed people only two antibiotics were fighting off the bacteria. The two of which are being over used and over time will no longer work. If the bacteria continues to grow bigger and better, the antibiotics for ear infections aren’t going to work which leads to hearing loss, even to the extent of going

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By what mechanism do the authors propose that the mcr-1 gene confers colistin resistance, and what evidence do they use to support this assertion? The protein sequence of mcr-1 showed its similarity to the polymyxin-producing bacterium, Paenibacillus spp., which showed the possibility of gene transfer occurring. The mcr-1 gene enables protection from polymyxin. The mechanism that the authors proposed on how the mcr-1 gene confers colistin resistance is that mcr-1 causes a modification in lipid A, present in the lipopolysaccharides of most bacteria, which leads to lessened polymyxin affinity.

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In addition, it is important to know when to use antibiotics. Considering our bodies have their own immune system to combat bacteria, most illnesses improve on their own over time. As our immune system battles any bacteria, it becomes stronger and

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Fleming’s penicillin alone has saved an estimated 200 million lives (New World Encyclopedia Contributors 2013). Not only would antibiotics combat 50 percent of common illness threatening seamen, but also would prevent any potential bacterial infections brought on by environmental ailments like carbon dioxide poisoning, scurvy, and malnutrition. Though antibiotics are not a safeguard against any contractible sickness, they are an explicit defense against bacterial infections, which were the most common form of infection among

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it increased medical technology, manufacturing and even decreased infections. The utilization of penicillin in WW2 incredibly influenced the Allied soldiers positively. Penicillin was significantly required on the front lines of World War 2 to treat harmed troops. (Krebs,20)

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Davies & Davies (2010) suggests that by applying evolutionary theory to bacteria, we knew that when a selective pressure was introduced (antibiotics) the bacteria would evolve and understanding this enabled biomedical scientists to invent strategies such as not using antibiotics to treat viral infection because antibiotics will not destroy the viruses present but will introduce a selective pressure on the bacteria within your body causing some of them to develop an antibiotic resistance which could be a problem if they cause an infection one day, another strategy would be to avoid using mild does of antibiotics of a long period of time as this would leave a small number of bacteria, who would have survived the antibiotics, who could potentially develop a resistance to the antibiotic so using a stronger selective pressure over a shorter space of time would eliminate all the illness-causing bacteria and not enable them to evolve into their resistant forms also make sure that all the prescription is taken because if the course is not complete then the bacteria that have a selective advantage will survive and then will pass on this advantage to other bacteria. The “preventative” use of antibiotics within livestock and crops is unnecessary as this leads to

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