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Essay On Recurrent Implantation

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Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are the major problems faced by infertile couples undergoing in-vitro fertilization1.Early embryonic mortality is very high in humans, and it was analysed that the principal cause for failed pregnancy is an error of implantation2,3,4.The incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss should be approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies. The etiologies for RPL are parental chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, endocrine dysfunction, autoimmune disorders, maternal and paternal age, infectious diseases, environmental toxins, etc. Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a common occurrence; approximately 15% of all clinically proven pregnancies result in spontaneous abortions, even many more pregnancies fails prior to being clinically recognized. Only 30 % of all conceptions results in live birth5. At least three consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks from the last menstrual period is said to be recurrent miscarriage or habitual abortion.
In spite of advancement in the …show more content…

It is estimated that upto 85% of embryo’s transferred through assisted reproductive technique could not be implanted into endometrial cavity successfully9. For the embryo to implant effectively it needs good trophoblastic invasion as well as an increased blood supply 10-11. Failure to conceive after atleast two cycles of embryo transfer is defined as recurrent implantation failure (RIF)12.Wide range of physiological factors are responsible for recurrent implantation failure such as hormonal imbalance, poor endometrial receptivity, defects in foetal growth, abnormal changes in the expression of adhesion molecules, immunological factors and genetic abnormalities. The etiology of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) largely overlaps where the results of the studies of RSA can also be extended to RIF

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Infertility treatments has once again been brought into attention. The pleasure that a newborn child can deliver to a human being or couple is undeniable, but some events recently involving IVF has left an uneasy feeling and some unanswered questions about fertility treatments. IVF had first been reported in the 1940s. Its first attempts included putting a human cells and human egg cell into the oviduct (the tube that the egg passes through from an ovary) of a monkey to try and fertilize them. Over time more testing and changers were made to the treatment which lead to a better understanding.

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In-Vitro Fertilization is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. During the process of IVF, mature eggs are removed from female’s ovaries and fertilized by the chosen male’s sperm in a lab. Then the fertilized embryos are implanted in the uterus. This process can be done using the patient 's own eggs and their spouses sperm. In other cases the egg, sperm or embryos from a known or anonymous donor may be used.

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Most commonly, however, miscarriages occur within the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. "Miscarriage is the lay term used for pregnancy lost before 20 weeks ' gestation while the medical term for pregnancy loss before 20 weeks ' gestation is called abortion, regardless of whether the event is elective or spontaneous" (Evans, Evans, Brown, & Orshan, 2010). "While it is estimated that half of all fertilized eggs are spontaneously lost before a woman may know she is pregnant, approximately 15-20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage (Miscarriage, 2010) with 80% of miscarriages typically occurring before the 12th week of pregnancy" (Gerber-Epstein et al., 2009) (Mcgee, 2013). Miscarriage is not a reported occurrence and consequently the prevalence is difficult to assess. Statistics estimate that approximately 10% to 15% of confirmed pregnancies result in miscarriage.

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In vitro fertilization is considered an ethical issue due to the increased number of multiple births. Parents, like you said, have amplified troubles with taking care of their children. They can also experience stress on their relationship during the difficult time ("Parenting Multiples", 2013). The issue is also considered unethical due to the stress that is put on the baby; the baby experiences life-threatening respiratory and cardiac issues (Breu, 1985). With this in mind, I would say that in vitro fertilzation should be used only if a person is infertile due to the higher risk of multiple

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This procedure also increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth and other complications. Hence, it can possibly lead to consequential emotional and financial expenses for the family and more extensive society. In IVF treatments, there is often more than one embryo placed back into the uterus, which may lead to a higher likelihood of multiple pregnancy; around 20-30% of IVF pregnancies are multiple pregnancies. An IVF cycle may also be unsuccessful. The success of the method is not promised, and patients often have to experience more than one cycle of treatment before they are successful.

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