Introduction
Leadership is a relationship between leader and followers and is the process that a potential person leading a group of people and try to influence their behavior and thinking to achieve the common goal in certain situation (Northouse, 2007, P.5-6).
“Leadership is an interaction between two or more members of a group that often involves a structuring or restructuring of the situation and the perceptions and expectations of members. Leadership occurs when one group member modifies the motivation or competencies of others in the group. Any member of the group can exhibit some amount of leadership” (Bass, 1990: 19-20).
As the following, this essay will attempt to demonstrate the main similarities and differences among trait approach, situational theory and transformational theory. The aim of this essay is to provide a deeper in the knowledge and the author will use the critical thinking to discuss how these three approaches and theories contribute to the understanding of leadership effectiveness.
Definition
In trait approach, Northouse (2007) focused on the genetic makeup or innate personal characteristics and he was believed
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There was a link among Mahatma Gandhi, the followers and the situation and all these things made him to become a leader. Since Mahatma Gandhi was used his certain traits like knowledge, communication skills, motivational approach and leading by example to motivate the Indian used the non-violent protest according the condition of that period for revolution in India. (Gandhi, M.K. "Zionism and Antisemitism." The Gandhi Reader: A Sourcebook of His Life and Writings. Homer Jack (ed.) Grove Press, New York: 1956:317-322.) Also, he used motivate and encourage the “hopes and demands of millions of Indians . . . whose life and personality were enhanced in the process” (Burns, 1995, p.