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Eukaryotic Cells Research Paper

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eukaryotic it is any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes are located. Eukaryotic cells also contain organelles, including mitochondria , a Golgi apparatus , an endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes .

example of eukaryotic cell
The protists
Protists are one-celled eukaryotes. However, like every rule in biology, exceptions exist. Sometimes, various seaweeds are grouped with protists, even though they have many cells. The protists include a wide range of organisms. Some are not particularly closely related. n fact, genetics reveals that protists consist of at least ten groups equivalent to kingdoms. To put this …show more content…

There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they …show more content…

Archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet. Archaea are a major part of Earth's life and may play roles in both the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. No clear examples of archaeal pathogens or parasites are known, but they are often mutualists or commensals. One example is the methanogens that inhabit human and ruminant guts, where their vast numbers aid digestion. Methanogens are used in biogas production and sewage treatment, and enzymes from extremophile archaea that can endure high temperatures and organic solvents are exploited in

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Elijah Brycth B. Jarlos IX-Argon 1. Multicellularity is a condition of an organism to have multicellular cells. An example of a organism who has multicellular cells are plants, animals, and humans. The main reason of why scientists have a hard time finding a good set of existing organisms to compare. Is neither the first set of organisms which is being compared is dying as fast as the second specimen is being examined or they just can’t find the right species.

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Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.

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Introduction Our world is composed of many bacteria’s’ that can either help or destroy us. Therefore, its’s imperative to learn and study them. The purpose of the lab was to put into action the methods that have been learned in the laboratory to determine our unknown bacteria. Bacteria’s can have different features, shapes, and or arrangements that help microbiologist determined their role in our life (whether they are good or bad for humans).

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And if there isn't, there soon will be: these things reproduce rapidly and swap genes readily” (Yong 207). Microbes are highly beneficial with their wide array of abilities; they can even “reproduce and swap genes” if they don't have the skill set they need. Consequently, it is easy to find a microbe that can do a specific “job” that needs to be carried out. In this way, Yong shows that humans live in harmony with the microbes, enabling humans to do much more than what they are capable of like “eating a new source of food.” This partnership with microbes ultimately allows humans and other species to imitate the unique features of the microbes: “That’s what happened when the desert woodrats swallowed microbes that allowed them to detoxify the poisons in creosote bushes.

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They are the most diverse and widespread division of spore-producing plants as: • They have vascular tissues for the transportation of water and nutrients • They do not produce flowers or seeds and reproduce through spores and its sporophyte has rhizomes, stem, and leaves b) In as simple words as possible, describe the life cycle of a typical pteridophyte (fern). In ferns, the dominant generation is sporophyte. The sporophyte is photosynthetic and is separated from the gametophyte.

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Most of these microbes feed on rock, like lichen, which “. . . basically eat rock and they breathe sunlight.” That being said, the rovers are not allowed to enter what are known as “special regions” which have attributes that allow bacteria from Earth to thrive. The special regions include “. . . the periodic dark streaks, known as recurrent slope lineae, spotted on the sides of crates, canyons, and mountains.

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Often, new life at hydrothermal vents begins with a burst of bacteria from the opening of the vent. These bacterias can endure high temperatures more than any other organism (Masters). Plants and organisms that live near hydrothermal vents use a process called chemosynthesis, allowing organisms to use energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food (“Ocean Explorer”). Some bacteria and archaea cannot withstand the hot hydrothermal fluids of black smokers, but they thrive just outside the extreme heat of the water (“The Microbes That Keep Hydrothermal Vents Pumping”). Also, being close enough to the chimney but far enough from the heat allows bacteria to gather

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Of the Enterobacteriaceae family, there are genera that are in the normal human flora. Some species such as K. pneumoniae and E. coli are opportunistic pathogens which can capitalize on weakened host defenses and cause food poisoning (Baron, 1996). S. enterica secrete proteins that help aid in intracellular invasion and proliferation (Hensel, 2009). K. pneumoniae is a part of the normal human mouth, skin, and intestine flora, but can wreak havoc if inhaled (Ryan,

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Being an important component in the microbial loop is another significant role of the dinoflagellates in the ocean. Referring to Microbial loop (2011), microbial loop is used illustrate the microbial food web. This general interaction begins with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) as the main energy source. Variety of bacteria consumes DOM as their source of energy which then these bacteria are consumed by protozoans, microbe consumers of bacteria and also algae. Because of the DOM, oceanic bacteria are plentiful of carbon and other components of nutrients.

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These habitats are characterized by high bacterial and archaeal diversity (Kelley et al., 2002), but the factors shaping community structure and composition are often not well understood, as diffuse venting sites are far less studied than plume and chimney habitats (Campbell et al., 2013). The wide, extensive plumes typical of black smoker vents contain chemicals that can either sink back to the ocean floor and become hydrothermal sediment or be scavenged by microbial communities living within the plumes (Kelley et al., 2002; Tivey, 2007). Generally, hydrothermal plumes are characterized by near ambient sea-water temperatures and low nutrient concentrations (Kelley et al., 2002) but they contain distinct regions (e.g., the rising plume and neutrally buoyant plume) with steep physical and chemical gradients that define distinct microbial communities (Dick et al., 2013). Microbial communities within plumes are generally derived from 3 sources (fig 1.3): (1) seafloor communities that are transported upwards, (2) background deep-sea water communities and (3) microbes that grow within the plume. The latter category shapes the plume community most, as these microbes both utilize the hydrothermally sourced electron donors for chemosynthesis, and consume the organic carbon produced in a

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But researchers found even older microbes that have been fossilized and are more than 3.7 billion years old. Researcher Michael Marshall said, “Using only the materials and conditions found on the Earth over 3.5 billion years ago, we

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Its warm and moist environment could of certainly spawned and be a prime habitat for microorganisms. Most of the water now is frozen in ice caps, in a gaseous state in Mars' summer, and in rarer instances found flowing on warm, steep slopes. (Redd, 2015) History of water on Mars. Numbers represent how many billions of years ago (Source)

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Microbial cells (bacteria and yeast) are reported ubiquitously for producing these kind of surfactant in their ecological niche and known as

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Microbes were the first organism to occupy the Earth. They are a group of the smallest organisms and are single cellular organisms. Microbes are becoming important in areas such as biochemistry, genetics, agriculture and medicine. They are also important decomposers. One example, of a microbial life is the prokaryotes called bacteria.

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Chryseobacterium greenlandensis, has survived since the past 120,000 years lives nearly two miles deep within the Greenland glacier ice. Thermophiles Organisms with the ability to survive at temperatures ranging from 140° F to

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