Fanconi Anemia Research Paper

Fanconi anemia (FA) which was first described the Swiss pediatrician Guido Fanconi; is most often inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, and very rarely this condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern .FA leads to bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia), leukemia and/or solid tumors of the head, neck and brain region. Fanconi anemia individuals have short stature and some have developmental defects, including thumb and arm anomalies, Skeletal anomalies of the hips, spine or ribs, kidney problems, skin discoloration (café-au-lait spots), small head or eyes, intellectual developmental delay or learning disabilities, low birth weight, and small reproductive organs in males . Brain tumors might lead to communication disorders;

It is a neurological condition caused by impairment to the portions of the brain in charge for language, and it does not distress intelligence. Because language has a critical role in our daily lives, aphasia can be very challenging. So, individuals with aphasia may find it problematic to speak, comprehend speech, read and write. The type and severity of aphasia depends on the location and degree of the damaged brain tissue. Aphasia can range from mild—where a task like retrieving the names of objects is tough—to severe—where any type of communication is almost impossible . According to the chapter “Aphasia: Classification of the syndrome”: “All language deficits that occur after brain injuries are called aphasia”. Moreover, anyone can have aphasia, including children, however in most cases it occurs within middle-aged or older people. Aphasia is initiated by impairment to one or more of the language zones of the brain. Many times, the reason of brain injury is a stroke; a stroke arises when blood is incapable of reaching a specific part of the brain, thus brain cells die when they do not receive their average amount of blood, which carries oxygen and important nutrients. Other causes of brain injury are severe blows to the head, brain tumors, brain infections, and other conditions that affect the brain

This type of aphasia is also known as non-fluent or expressive aphasia. Patients with Broca’s Aphasia have difficulties in producing sentences with correct grammar and good syntactic structure; in addition to that their speech is limited mainly to short utterances of less than four words. Producing the right sounds or finding the right words is often a difficult process. Some persons have more difficulty using verbs than using nouns. A person with Broca’s aphasia may comprehend speech, particularly when the grammatical structure of the spoken language is simple. However they find it harder to understand sentences with more complex grammatical construct. Individuals with this type of aphasia can read; however they lack the ability to write. Broca’s aphasia results from injury to speech and language brain areas such the left hemisphere inferior frontal gyrus, among others. Such damage is often a result of stroke but may also occur due to brain trauma. Like in other types of aphasia, intellectual and cognitive capabilities not related to speech and language may be fully preserved