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Farnese Bull Analysis

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The thermae also boasted exquisite marble statues, one of the most famous being the Farnese Bull, or the Toro Farnese. It depicts Dirce, wife of Lykos, tied to a bull as punishment for her abuse of Amphion and Zethus’ mother. According to Pliny the Elder, a marble sculpture of the Farnese Bull was carved from a “single block of marble” by the brothers Apollonius of Tralles and Tauriscus who hail from the Greek island of Rhodes. This sculpture was carved at the end of the 2nd century BCE, so therefore the sculpture found in the Baths of Caracalla may have been a replica. This is attributed to the Roman’s interest in Greek art and architecture, thus we see a lot of Hellenistic influences in Roman buildings, such as the baths. The Baths of Caracalla
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The stone sculpture, titled Garland Sarcophagus made by a Roman artist, this piece is created in the year AD 200-225. The Garland Sarcophagus stone sculpture is a coffin for inhumation burials of upper class, the physical condition of the sculpture is cleaned and restored. This sculpture is made in Rome, and belonged to the Roman Empire movement. The Garland Sarcophagus is not typical work, due to inhumation burials being an uncommon Roman practice during the second century A.D., until around the second and third centuries. The style of this art piece is classical Greek art, the Romans were influenced by Greek culture and literature, such as mythology.

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According to Getty.edu, the art piece was named after Lord Lansdowne, a British noble who displayed the statue in his estate in London. The origins of the statue are unknown but speculated to be a Roman copy made from the famous school of Polykleitos. Workshops during ancient times tasked aspiring students with the menial labor of creating backgrounds and most of the form of sculptures; the masters finishing them up with the fine details such as the face and especially hands. Many Romans were quite fond of Greek culture and art, emulating and duplicating them on numerous occasions.

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In both sculptures the hair is deeply carved and is a vivid feature of the busts. The detail of realism in David’s left hand we can see his veins on his hands when he is holding the slingshot and his ribs near the chest. In the bust of Commodus we can see the similar detail of his hands especially the joints above the knuckle area and how realistic it looks when he’s holding the apples and Hercules club on his. In both busts chest, arms and face are sooth. In both busts these sculptures have the portrait of emperor Commodus and the small town hero David as musculant where as in real life they weren’t this is done because Romans believed that the god made us humans and by showing David and Commodus as being musculant hey are portraying them as gods and God were portrayed to be musculant and strong.

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