Flame Test Lab

Procedure
Before conducting any experiment, it is important to wear safety goggles to ensure protection for the eyes. With the objective of differentiating the two unknown substances, the ideal method to determine which substance is an acid or base was utilizing litmus paper. After a few drops of the first substance, on one half of the litmus paper, no colour change was observed. It was concluded that the second solution would be the acid or base. To determine whether it was an acid or base, a few drops of the solution was applied to the other half of the litmus paper, resulting in a colour change to the colour blue, which indicates that the substance was a base.
After the qualitative analysis was completed, it was time to move onto the

The second unknown solution contained 1,2, or 3 of the known cations, potassium iodide, barium nitrate, and copper (ll) sulphate. First thing that needed to be done, was to determine exactly which cation(s) consisted in the substance using quantitative analysis. In order to come to that conclusion, the flame test was conducted. Before the lab has commenced, three laboratory bottles containing the three different cations, a laboratory bottle containing the unknown solution, a bunsen burner, tongs, a flint, paper clips, and goggles were obtained. Before anything goggles were put on for protection. First, the fire was started using the bunsen burner and flint, it was insured that the fire was low and small and contained to different colours. It was important to keep a distance between the flame to prevent incidents from occurring. Next, a paperclip was submerged into the first cation and inserted into the fire. The same process was repeated for the other two cations, but in between the paperclip was cleaned in distilled water to prevent contamination. Afterwards the observation of the colour change for each cation under fire was recorded. Later on all the observations were compared in order to found out which cation/cations made up the unknown solution. To ensure a safe classroom environment, all four laboratory bottles were cleaned and put away, the paper clip was thrown

This enables a substance to be confirmed within a solution. With the intention of determining the unknown ion within the solution, the solution was placed inside of a test tube. It was significant to come across the correct order to precipitate the unknown ion within the solution by utilizing the solubility chart to determine a anion that can be used to precipitate the substance. It is important to note that certain solutions such as Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaOH were used, in that order, to find out which ion is within the original solution. First, a few drops of Na2SO4 were added to the test tube consisting of the unknown substance. No precipitation was observed, which was also the same result when Na2CO3 was added to the unknown solution. Last but not least, a few drop of NaOH were added to the unknown solution, which resulted in the formation of precipitate. Now that the type of the cation in the solution was identified, it was time to clean up. First the test tube consisting of the unknown solution and precipitation was poured into a waste bucket. Afterwards, the wash bottles were returned to the rightful