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Fort Peck Dam Case Study

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Fort Peck Dam Construction The Fort Peck Dam, located in northeastern Montana, is the world’s largest earthen hydraulically-filled dam. It is the first of six dams on the main stem of the Missouri River. The primary purposes of the dam at the time of construction were flood control and navigation on the river. The dam was authorized by the 1927 Congressional Rivers and Harbors act and was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during Franklin Roosevelt’s first term as president. In 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act appropriated over $3 billion in public works in hopes of recovering the U.S. economy. In October of 1933, $84 million was allocated to the construction of Fort Peck Dam. News of employment spread like wildfire, bringing in desperate men from all over to work. The promise of fifty-cents an hour and a full week of work, brought in over 10,000 new labors for the build. …show more content…

Privately own lands were taken from landowners by imminent domain, and in return given fair market value for their loss. Most land that was taken had been part of the Homestead Act and fair market value was almost nothing in 1933, leaving many feeling as if the government had stolen from them. Railroads and roads would be first on the list to be built, without a mode of transportation, goods and equipment could not be taken to the construction site. This was followed closely by 54,000-volt transmission lines, brought all the way from Rainbow Dam. Weather tested the men working these jobs, with temperatures dropping to -60 degrees. The need for a permeant town would become a necessity to house and supply workers and soon 261 temporary houses, a 40 bed hospital, movie theatre, shopping mall, and other stores opened for

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Relief short term actions designed to tide people over until the economy recovered. Franklin D. Roosevelt created the three r’s to lift the nation out of the Great Depression which relief had many factors to it like for example the (CCC) Civilian Conservation Corps worked from 1933 to 1942 to give public work to unmarried men or the unemployed. The (PWA) Public Works Administration was also formed was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. The last relief program made was the (WPA) Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works

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Railroads replaced much slower, less efficient modes of transport with an all weather, 24 hour, year round alternative. The Railroads, in conjunction with telegraph lines, and steamships connected the nation and opened vast regions to the development of industries. Railroads, eager to sell land on the Great Plains granted to them by the government, advertised migration in conjunction with land speculators, transatlantic steamship lines and western territories. The government initiated Homestead Act allowed for the establishment of farms along the frontier, and built up the interior west which was only occupied by Natives, for it allowed 160 acres of land to anyone who was willing to farm it for five years. The Morrill Land Act allowed 140 million acres of federal lands to be sold by states to raise money for the establishment of public universities/ land grant colleges to broaden educational opportunities and foster technical and scientific expertise, thus allowing agricultural education to be available to migrants with little experience, thus opening up the prospect of western settlement to urban workers in the East.

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1. The states were required to make new instruments of government when the colonies began to separate from Britain. What were two questions that the states found that they had to answer? -“What did it mean to replace royal authority with institutions based on popular rule?”

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Another program that was made was the Work Progress Administration (WPA). As a result of the WPA, many buildings, roads, airports, and schools were built and it gave work to many people. Most people who got employed were either painters, musicians, or writers. This program helped about a total of 9 million people in America (Doc B). After the New Deal was created, the unemployment rate went down drastically (Doc D).

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This is because many people lost family members, money, and homes. A lot of people died from starvation and disease. Many banks failed, causing people who had money in that bank to lose it. Many people were left homeless and even died. Finally, Herbert Hoover made the Hoover Dam in 1931, to control flooding and generate electricity in the area.

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According to Taylor (2009) the Works Progress Administration nurseries was renamed in 1939 and became the largest and most influential agency whose contributions and impact made it possible to employ millions of people to carry out public works projects. Most projects were initiated, planned and sponsored by states, counties or cities.(Taylor,2009) Nationwide projects were sponsored until 1939.The WPA was a national program that operated its own projects in cooperation with state and local governments, which provided 10–30% of the

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Because of the New Deal, more and more people every year were able to work. In Document 6, Ellen S. Woodward, the Assistant Administrator of the Works Progress Administration, describes the positive effects of the program. Not only were children fed, but the meals were also prepared by women who needed jobs. The program allowed women to work, which would otherwise be very difficult for them as they were not priority in the workforce. The New Deal and its various programs allowed unemployment to decline every year, helping the

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To recruit for this program, Perkins established the National Reemployment Service. By April 1936, there were 2158 of these work camps employing approximately 157 people. The second program she and FDR implemented was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (Downey, 2009). Through this program the government gave states money for public works such as repairing public buildings, parks, playgrounds, funding drought relief programs, shoring up bankrupt school districts, and implementing job and housing programs.

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By 1930, four million Americans looked for work and could not find it. That number had risen to six million in 1931. Farmers could not even afford to harvest their own crops, and were forced to leave them rotting in the fields while people elsewhere starved. Hoover made the Massive Government Spending step, and it worked perfectly.

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Roosevelt created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) which put about 3 million young men on projects such as planting trees and building levees to prevent floods. He also established the Public Works Administration (PWA), it provided jobs by building huge public work, such as roads, hospitals, and school. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration raised farm prices and controlled farm production. Roosevelt asked Congress to pass the Social Security Act created a tax paid by all employers and workers that was used to pay pensions to retired people. Another tax funded unemployment insurance which provided payments to people who lost their jobs.

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In part this was because massive federal spending under Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal provided precious jobs. Outside the West the Midwest was most blessed with federal work relief, direct relief, and loans—$380 per person. The Rocky Mountain states got $716 per capita and the Pacific states

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The WPA ( Works Progress Administration) built schools, hospitals, post offices, and many other buildings which gave tons of unemployed people jobs and money. After the people got jobs they spent money in stores which helped our economy even more. The WPA also Gave jobs to people to build hospitals, schools, and post offices (benefit whole community) (E). This improved the economy a ton because after the people were done working they would go out and spend money. In addition to hiring people to build roads and schools, the government also gave jobs to writers, artists, actors, and teachers (E).

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Those jobs were created for a span of 10 years but after that families were forced into poverty because of the short term solution that was, The Public Works act. Another attempted solution to this problem was, The National Recovery Administration. The NRA was put into place in 1933 as well, it was meant to even out the playing field amongst companies. If one company had too much competition it would be forced to shut down so, this administration was in place so that there was healthy competition and not destructive competition so to say. It was a good idea but poorly executed leading to its failure and only being a short term

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The government created jobs through public works programs. The government created organizations such as the Civilian Conservation Corps. The CCC planted trees and replaced forests that were cut down for logging. The programs increased infrastructure and provided jobs to people that needed them. Another program sparked by the New Deal was the increased use of the Army Corps of Engineers to provide critical infrastructure to America.

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Homestead Act of 1862 The Homestead Act was passed on May 20, 1862; this act accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting the head of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a fee of $30 and 5 years of continuous residence on that land. During the forty years after its passing about half a million families took advantage of the act by purchasing land trying to make a home for themselves in the vast open lands. Though the act held good intentions it was truly a hoax, making it seem better than it actually was through all the loopholes and fine print the public did not see. The Homestead Act was considered to a significant failure by examining how land was sold, attitude toward Indian reservations, and corporate greed

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