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Galileo And Newton Altered Classical Sources Of Knowledge Essay

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Analyze how Galileo, Kepler, and Newton altered classical (Ancient Greek and other traditional) interpretations of nature and challenged classical sources of knowledge. Explicitly address both classical interpretations of nature and challenges to sources of knowledge. Be sure to keep the essay well balanced and identify and explain contributions of the three men toward both interpretations of nature and sources of knowledge. The early Greek scholars were famous for their students gathering in the forests or beautiful orchards soaking up knowledge and discussing what may be the answers to all types of questions. If I were to travel back in time prior to Galileo, Kepler, and Newton being born, I suppose like so many others it was just because …show more content…

However, Galileo had other plans in mind as he thought being a doctor was boring. In 1581 while at the University of Pisa Galileo studied physics and mathematics. (1) Galileo became a professor and it was then he began challenging other professor’s beliefs. Galileo went a step further and then made it known how annoying he thought it was of Aristotelian physics. It was rumored he went to the tower or Pisa and even dropped weights to debunk Ancient Greek Aristotle’s dropping body theory. Later, word of an invention called the telescope hit Galileo’s ears and he was able to vastly improve it. Galileo debunked many other popular theories about astronomy and ultimately proved that the earth and other plants swing around the sun as Nicolaus Copernicus theorized earlier rather than the universe going around the earth like everyone else believed. Soon the Catholic Church demanded that Galileo abandon Copernicus Theory. (2) However, when Galileo’s friend became Pope he decided he would publish his book named “The Two Chief World Systems”. Galileo got called back to Rome because of the ongoing issues with going against the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Galileo was found guilty of heresy and lived out the remaining 9 years of his life under house arrest. In 1638, the Inquisition allowed Galileo to move to his home in Florence, so that he could be closer to his doctors. However, he was totally blind. In 1642, Galileo died at his home outside

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Galileo was also an outcast due to his theory of the Earth revolving around the Sun. In his period, it was believed that the opposite occurred. When Galileo presented his ideas, people were outraged and shocked. His scientific notions conclusively brought upon his banishment. Even their deaths were eerily similar, as they were both excluded from the rest of the world upon passing.

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This will lead to his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion that explained how the planets moved and why they looked how they do in the sky. 4) Galileo Galilei was an astronomer whose studies would reveal the importance to astronomy not only of observation and mathematics but also of physics. His self-consciousness about technique, argument, and evidence would make him one of the first investigators of nature to approach his work in the same way as a modern scientist. 5) Francis Bacon was one of science’s greatest propagandists, and he inspired an entire generation with his vision of what scientific inquiry could do for humanity.

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Galileo’s theories portrayed a heliocentric solar system while the Catholic Church had said it was geocentric; as a result, Galileo’s works were put on the Index of Prohibited Books and he was later put under house arrest by the Inquisition. A letter from an Italian monk in Document 3 depicts how religious figures would try to convince him to retract his discovery of the moon having craters in order to avoid confusion and contradiction of the Bible, which portrays how religious figures hindered the progress of the Scientific Revolution because these new ideas challenged the Bible and their old

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The three most important people in the Scientific Revolution are Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler. Nicolaus Copernicus said that the earth is orbiting from the sun and that the moon is the only one that can orbit the earth. Galileo Galilei discovered that the moon and the sun had spots on them. He discovered the four moons of Jupiter. Johannes Kepler was a studier, he studied the moon, the sun and other planets that are out in the universe.

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Galileo’s Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina argues that Nicholas Copernicus’ idea about the Earth’s rotation orbiting the sun once a year does not in fact have anything to do with the scripture in the Catholic Bible. Galileo is simply stating a theory that he believes is true and scientifically proven. His ideas came to life in a time when many were questioning their beliefs surrounding the church and ideas that they have had in the past. Galileo was very science- oriented and many of his ideas and teachings did not align, and in some cases directly conflicted, with what the Catholic Church preached.

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Galileo continued to study the heliocentric and in 1932, he even published a book called Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World System supporting Copernicus’s theory. ( The Scientific Revolution) . Galileo publishing the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World System supporting Copernicus’s showed that Galileo supported the Heliocentric theory. Galileo teaching the opposite of what the church had to say makes Galileo a

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One struggle with the Church that he faced was being forced into changing the title of one of his books. The original title of the book was, Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea, but Galileo was forced to change it so it did not seem like he was pushing the fact that the tides supported his opinion and the new title also appeared more theoretical (Leveillee). The church only wanted Galileo’s writing to be discussed as a theory, because they did not believe that it was correct.. They did not want his writings to show more evidence or to be proven (Hightower 63). These instructions did not stop Galileo.

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In 1610 when Galileo published his findings in support of a heliocentric universe in his book Starry messenger, the Catholic church became increasingly concerned that if bible scripture based on Aristotelian philosophy was undermined, it would cast doubt on Aristotle's credibility and the church's theological doctrines. With the assertion that "in questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual" he managed to upset the powerful and influential peoples in the church and was called to answer charges brought against him by the Inquisition.(Coudert PPT) In 1615 Galileo's letter was written in an

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In year 1623, Galileo's friend Pope Urban VII whos name is Maffeo Barberini had encouraged Galileo to continue with his studying

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In 1633 he was summoned to Rome by the Inquisition and investigated. Found guilty of heresy, Galileo was convicted of life imprisonment. However, his trial was carried out with some sympathy, and was amounted to house arrest rather than imprisonment. It was over a hundred years later when his book was unbanned, and it was not until 1992 when the Church made official statements of regret for how Galileo had been treated. Had Galileo been able to publish his book and freely share his theory, substantial knowledge and understanding of the Universe could have been bestowed upon many people in his lifetime.

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Galileo Galilei, was born February 15, 1564 into a world where “science” did not really exist and died January 8, 1642, leaving a world altered forever by “science.” His scientific journey began at the young age of seventeen when he started studying medicine. By age eighteen he had become more interested in mathematics. When he was twenty-two he made his first attribution to science when he

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Newton and his predecessors- Kepler and Galileo’s – findings became widely popular after the publication of his Mathematical principles of natural philosophies. Newton described the world in a scientific way, debunking spiritual or superstitious beliefs. His explanations of gravity and his laws of physics lead to many more experiences and opened up room for reason. This helped influenced the enlightened society because it took power away from the church. Newton’s publications led to the creation of the Academia Des Sciences in France.

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This is a very meaningful quote by Mr. Newton and if I am interpreting it correctly then it really shows the great character the man had. Newton was certainly a giant in his own right, but he was paying respect to Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus, in my opinion. He didn’t criticize Galileo for not finishing the formulation of the fundamental laws of motion; he acknowledged Galileo’s progress as a pioneer. He didn’t call Kepler idiotic for failing to show that the laws of planetary motion necessarily follow from an inverse-square gravitational force. He didn’t dismiss Copernicus for a fool, because Copernicus hung on to the theory of epicycles.

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In a letter to Cristina of Lorraine, the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Galileo gives a perfectly sound and rational argument as to why the church should not be charging him as a heretic for his belief in the heliocentric model when the bible is going against what they see with their own eyes. Furthermore, Galileo argues that, contrary to popular belief at the time, the bible should only be used to help us understand abstruse concepts and what is needed for salvation, not to explain the natural world. In a lot of ways, Galileo’s argument paves the way for separation between church and state, as well as the age-old conflict between science and religion that is still discussed even till today. However, what I found interesting here is that Galileo actually believed that his beliefs went hand in hand with the bible. He tries to justify his beliefs according to the bible by arguing that God gave us a brain in order

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Galileo was a well known astronomer and physicist during the time of the Renaissance. He was born on February 15, 1564 in Pisa, and died in Arcetri on January 8, 1642. Galileo attended the University of Pisa where he studied medicine. However, He became more interested in astronomy and physics and decided to make that his profession. Before Galileo, the solar system was a mystery to everyone.

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