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Gene-Environment Interaction Research Paper

1295 Words6 Pages

How do behaviour geneticists attempt to understand the role of genes and environment in psychological characteristics? Gene-environment interaction has been a very controversy topic in attempt to understand how internal and external variables influence individual behaviour, personalities and psycho-pathologies in such different ways. However, this concept of gene-environment interaction were miss-leaded and analysed as isolated factors towards human being’s behaviour, perceived has nature (gene) versus nature (environment). Nature derived from Darwin’s theory of evolution, which was believed that behaviour was inherited (Tinbergen?) and nurture initially created by John Locke, who refers to the idea of epistemological idea of ‘’Blank slates’’, …show more content…

Based on the situation the effect of one variable cannot be understood without taking into account the other variable, suggesting that effects are not independent factors. Speaking in statistically sense we refer to a situation in which the effect of genes depends on the environment and/or the effect of the environment depends on genotype, this phenomenon is named gene-environment …show more content…

However, in family studies design is still not possible to determine whether behaviour is influenced by genes and mutual environment causes (Sherman et al. 1997). Although family studies design is very relevant to interpret the gene-environment interaction in an individual’s behaviour, which is analysed by comparing high-risk children and low-risk children. A high-risk children is identified by the presence of a psychopathologies in their parent: and low-risk children who are is possible to classify the effects of environment characteristics on individuals variation in genetic risk (Cannon et al. 1990). Participants were classified on genetic risk as having one or two affected parents, a symbolic interaction developed between degree of genetic risk and birth complications in predicting ventricle

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Dr. Rettew connects to class discussions and readings on shared and unshared environmental influences, evocative gene environment correlation, temperament, and the goodness-of-fit. Twins that with unshared environmental influences, such as different placentas, could adapt different temperaments (Berk, 2009). Also, twins that have been adopted into separate families could have different personality traits because they lived in completely different environments their whole life, even if they shared environmental influences of the same placenta (Berk, 2009). With an evocative gene environment correlation, a child’s genotype could draw in a certain type of environment, such as babies who appear more attractive will receive more attention (Berk, 2009). The type of attention a child gets could affect its temperament.

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Miss Greenwood also stated that she grew up poor; that, too, could be considered an environmental early life stressor (Nugent, Tyrka, Carpenter, & Price, 2011). Given these two factors it can be suggested that my client was vulnerable to the depression and mood disorder she is consequently experiencing. The mental history of either of Miss Greenwood’s parents were never disclosed therefore an inference couldn’t be made to whether the client was exposed to any kind of gene disposition that would of also made her vulnerable to the various disorders (Nugent, Tyrka, Carpenter, & Price,

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Once the reach a certain age, their personalities and traits can be expalin by either the mother or father inherit gens. Sandra Scarr 's explains three differents gene-environment correlation of the child. The three that has an influence are pasive, evocative, and active gene-environment

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Sharon George Dr. Zuckoff Fall 2014 Semester 28 November 2014 Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart The study began in 1979, and over 100 pairs of twins or triplets who were reared-apart from across the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, China, New Zealand, Sweden and West Germany have participated. The conclusion of the study inferred two statements on the psychological behavioral variation between the subjects. The first was that genetic factors had a large amount of influence on the variation of behavior, and the second concluded that the being raised in the same home had little effect on behavior.

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Through these two studies, it becomes evident the importance of genetic influences, in collaboration with some environmental

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After comparing shared and non-shared environment, it was also seen in both studies that a non-shared environment has higher variance compared to a shared environment variance. In addition to having a similar conclusion, there was a trend within the numbers caused by the mean age of the samples. Samples from the Bergeman et al. study had an average age of 59 years while the samples from the Jang et al. study had an average of 31 years. This concludes that age can also be a factor that would influence the environment and the genetic influence (Table 3)

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According to his theory, individuals are born without built-in knowledge. Everybody learns through experience, perception and parental guidance. One answer to providing more effective circumstances to children could be a much more self-critical, reflective and differentiated strategies of instruction developed through meaningful observations, noticing and recognizing what is important, influencing and significant to the child and about the child, and reacting in a supportive way. This kind of healthy interaction between individual child’s genes and the environmental context in which they develop would mean a good initial start. Moreover, chances of positive pathways in life seem to be enhanced by heredity vulnerabilities and complex behaviors.

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