Genetic Research Informative Essay

First off I want to talk about what is genetics. Genetic research is the differences of DNA between people, the DNA is not the same for every person. Genetics is used to see the DNA differences given from generation to generation. Also genetic research describes differences between the environmental origins of people in an area and time. Many of the DNA strands may not be inherited for example, some mutations in DNA in cells other than the gender cells can sometimes cause cancer but are not transferred and that means it isn’t considered genetic. But that is just a simple way of explaining genetics. Environment is something that is used very broadly to indicate any nongenetic process that makes people different from one another such as illness,

Debates have and will always continue about whether genes or environment have a greater impact on intelligence because both have been scientifically proven to have impact on it. Since genetic and environment always are together the question nature versus nurture will probably never be answered. Some genes are easy to follow like eye color but intelligence is not one that is easy to trace. The reason it is hard to trace is that it is a polygenic trait, which is a display of a continuous distribution, such as height or skin color, are polygenic. Identical twins fail to show 100% heritability, which helps to show why there is such different levels of IQ between people. Some studies have shown that people seek out other people with different genes than themselves as well as different environments. Now there are some genetic mutations that cause intellectual disabilities. During normal situations intelligence includes several genes, but certain single gene disorders affect the intelligence. There are many genetic learning disabilities and they are, autism, alzheimers, dyslexia, and down syndrome. Down syndrome is an intellectual disability and it affects the way children learn. Some experts believe that down syndrome is caused by the lack of genes in the 21st chromosome, but the single gene or maybe even genes for

The ancient Chinese used some form of testing to choose the most favorable people for civil service positions. What the Chinese were doing attracted many scholars such as Plato who has said “knowledge is not given by the senses but acquired through them as reason organizes and makes out of that which is perceived.” They also attracted William Duff a scottish minister, but that is two of many who were influenced by the intelligent testing. During the 19th century major schools of psychology started to develop different techniques in measuring intelligence. Francis Galton pioneered surveys and questionnaires in order to gather information. Alfred Binet who was a French psychologist and lawyer was one of the people to help develop the first successful IQ test. The reason for this was that the French government wanted a way to identify students in need of education. The first concept of mental age was in 1908 was the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale. The scale said that if the child is eight that it should test the mental age of eight and if it tested mental of a six year old it was considered retarded but if it tested the age of ten it was considered advanced. Then a professor at Stanford University by the name of Lewis M. Terman standardized and expanded the test for American people. He increased the Stern formula by 100 to eliminate the decimal and reduced the definition of IQ. His revisions