Heredity & Evolution, Summer ‘15
Exam 4: Final Exam
1. What is a GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and how is it different from a GEO (Genetically Engineered Organism). How is a Genetically Engineered Organism created?
A Genetically Modified Organism is an organism that is altered to produce new traits in an organism. Say you want all of the peaches you grow; you want them to look bright red similar to a Red Delicious apple. You take the DNA from the apple and when you grow the peaches, you put in the apple’s trait so that the peach produces a similar characteristic. This DOES NOT naturally occurs in nature. A GMO is how you describe an organism that has already been altered. GEO refers to the actual process of changing the desired species.
2. Where was the first place on Earth to
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How is infertility defined? Define and describe the process for the following ARTs:
Infertility is the inability to become pregnant.
IUI
IUI is a means of assisted pregnancy.
During this process, the sperm are cleaned, and directly inserted into the uterus of the woman. This dramatically increases the quantity of sperm that make it into the fallopian tubes.
IVF
IVF is the process of combining a man 's sperm with a woman 's egg in a dish. It is also a method of assisted pregnancy, outside of the body.
PGD
PGD is the testing of embryos for chromosomal defects or genetic illnesses a few days after fertilization. 4. In order for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, 5 stipulations must be met. Name and define the 5 stipulations that we talked about in class.
Large population – In a great population, changes are minimal in allele frequencies.
Random mating – If mating were not random, alleles would grow in occurrence. The chance of mating is the same.
No selection – Equivalent chance of lasting and copying.
No migration – All alleles stay and come in.
No mutation – All allele features stay