2nd step: The second step consist of the start point of glycogenesis and it’s a reversible reaction which transform the Glucose -6P to Glucose -1P. The enzymes responsible from this reaction is the Phosphoglucomutase.
Glucose -6P Glucose -1P
The phosphoglucomutase catalyze the reaction by moving a functional group, here it’s a phosphate group.
3rd step: The third step consist to transform the Glucose -1P to UDP-Glucose. The enzyme responsible is UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase and this reaction consumes UTP.
Glucose-1P UDP-Glucose
The UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase add a UTP to a Glucose -1P to produces UDP-Glucose
4th step: The fourth step consist to transform the UDP-Glucose to Glycogen. This is the last step of the Glycogenesis. The enzymes responsible are Glycogen synthase and branching
enzyme.
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UDP-Glucose Glycogen
The glycogen synthase promotes the transfer of the glucose residue from UDP-glucose to a nonreducing end of a glycogen molecule of at least 8 glucose residues
Branching enzyme will add the residues of glucose to the reducing end of glycogen.
The biggest part of the glycogen is storage in the liver. A little part is storage also in muscles.
Starting at a central glycogenin molecule, glycogen chains of 12 to 14 glucose residues extend in tiers. There are 12 tiers in a mature glycogen particle.
c) Cellulose
Cellulose is a carbohydrate which is the principal component of vegetal wall and wood.
Cellulose is the most abundant component on earth.
The cellulose molecule is a linear unbranched homopolysaccharide. Glucose residues have the beta configuration, so they are linked by (beta1 4) glycosidic bonds. Cellulose is extremely mechanically stable and is highly resistant to chemical and enzymatic