ipl-logo

Glycogen Synthrase Lab Report

1111 Words5 Pages

2. a) The main form of sugar found in the blood is blood glucose. When there are high amounts of sugar in the blood, glucose-1-phosphate is converted into glycogen as a store of carbohydrates through glycogen synthase. Glycogen synthase is an enzyme that converts glucose into glycogen in an energetically favorable reaction. When there are high amounts of glycogen stored, and a low amount of sugar in the blood, a reverse process of glycogen synthase will occur called glycogen phosphorylase. Glycogen phosphorylase, a separate mechanism, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate. Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are allosteric regulators, with glycogen synthase being the allosteric activator …show more content…

The liver will store glycogen to help the whole body, specifically the brain. When blood glucose in the body is low, the liver will activate glycogen phosphorylase and release glucose to supply the brain with its energy needs. The liver does not break down glycogen for its own needs, so ATP and AMP are not regulators for this process. At high levels of blood glucose, insulin is released from the pancreas. This is the master signal that tells all the other processes in the body that there is too much glucose in the bloodstream and activates enzymes in the corresponding way. Enzymes will be dephosphorylated, so glycogen phosphorylase will be inactivated and glucose synthase will be activated. Glucagon is prominent when blood glucose fails. When glucagon is present, the liver quickly acts to provide glucose for the brain. The liver also responds to epinephrine to provide the brain with enough energy to think about what to do in high intensity …show more content…

Muscles are selfish in the way that they only care about the energy needs of themselves. High levels of ATP signals that the cells energy levels are being met and that there is no need to touch the glycogen storage, inhibiting glycogen phosphorylase. When there are high levels of AMP, a signal that there are low levels of ATP, we need to create more energy through glucose therefore glycogen phosphorylase must be activated. As the amount of AMP rises, we will break down more glycogen to make ATP. Muscles respond to insulin in the same way as the liver, but is not responsive to glucagon because it doesn’t concern itself with the wellbeing of the brain, only itself. However, muscles will respond to epinephrine, the fight or flight hormone, because the muscles will need energy to either stay and face the situation or to run away from

Show More
Related
2586 Words | 11 Pages

Some of this intake will be used immediately and some will be stored in fat cells for future use. Insulin is vital to both processes, by binding to the extracellular domains of receptor proteins found on the surfaces of liver, muscle and fat cells. Once bound, glucose transport proteins will move to the surface of the cell, ready to accept the glucose molecule through the cell membrane. This happens throughout the body for energy production and so the glucose concentration in the blood stream lowers once more, allowing the body to maintain glucose homeostasis. In a diabetic system, insulin is not present so glucose is neither used immediately for cell respiration, nor stored for later use.

Read More
532 Words | 3 Pages

When the body isn’t functioning correctly, the body begins to oppose the insulin. What the body does is it starts shutting down, preventing the body to process sugar as energy. The digestive system will only use what it needs, then it starts sending what’s left over to different muscles. This can actually slow down metabolism and raise blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance is a gateway to a lot of other diseases, or what we like to call Metabolic Syndrome.

Read More
426 Words | 2 Pages

This glucose is completely oxidised in mitochondria to glucose-6-phosphate, by the rate-limiting enzyme glucokinase, through glycolysis. This glucose increase causes a shift in ATP/ADP ratio, using up ADP as it’s phosphorylated to ATP, causing the potassium ATP-ase pump on the cell membrane

Read More
1317 Words | 6 Pages

Regarding glucose, the control center is the brain which sends out signals to the body telling it to produce insulin if blood sugar is too high. The receptors are glands or specific groups of cells that that receive the signals from the brain to perform the job at hand. The effector is then the liver that releases insulin to lower blood sugar levels.

Read More
528 Words | 3 Pages

However due to poor nutrient absorption, the homeostasis of glucose level is difficult for the

Read More
669 Words | 3 Pages

The liver’s low insulin stimulates the destruction of the accumulated reserves of glucose known as glycogenolysis (Joshi 2010.) New glucose is then synthesised gluconeogenesis (Peate 2011,) these actions add new glucose into the bloodstream. Unfortunately all this glucose cannot be used by the body’s cells and is deposited in the urine thus increasing the already high level of Hyperglycemia. The liver is essentially the victim of the diabetes disease by just doing its job; the low levels of insulin make the liver work harder.

Read More
560 Words | 3 Pages

Our bodies take in the glucose and turn it into energy we can then use. When we let glucose in, we are raising our insulin and glucose levels. Insulin is the hormone in people’s bodies that grants glucose access into our bloodstreams. However, insulin keeps our blood levels from raising or lowering, and it stores the fat to use for energy later on. Unfortunately, people have no control over the insulin function, though they do have control over the types of food they eat that contain certain amounts of glucose.

Read More
1128 Words | 5 Pages

In humans, glucose is needed for cellular respiration for energy to carry out life processes, and though many tissues can use other substances, such as amino acids or lipids, as sources of energy, some tissues and organs can only use glucose, but most importantly our brain, or more specifically, neurons. Blood glucose regulation maintains constant supply of glucose to

Read More
588 Words | 3 Pages

There are also receptors, controllers and effectors that work together to get the body back to its set point if the level of blood glucose gets to low, which is very

Read More
1540 Words | 7 Pages

Introduction and General Information Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high level of glucose in blood [Medical News 1]. It is important to understand the natural metabolism of the human body relating to the homeostasis of blood glucose level. Glucose is an essential ingredient of respiration; therefore, it is important for one’s blood to contain a sufficient level in order to supply the body cells and create energy. In order for glucose to be transferred from the blood into the body cells, it requires the help of a hormone named ‘insulin’ created by a gland, pancreas. Insulin stimulates the removal of glucose from the blood and its uptake into the body muscles [Medical News 2].

Read More
542 Words | 3 Pages

Insulin is created by the cell to be used as an access key to allow the glucose to get into the cell. The insulin fits itself into the insulin receptor, which sends a signal down to the nucleus which the sends up a glucose channel that fits into the cell membrane allowing glucose to travel into the cell. Since diabetics don’t have insulin in there blood stream the glucose cant get to the cells and the cells start to die also the water gets pulled out causing dehydration to the body. If the blood sugar is to low glucagon is released into the blood stream to bring the glucose level back to baseline. Glucagon is produced in the pancreas.

Read More
451 Words | 2 Pages

The glucose produced is providing energy to the cells to ensure that your body is functioning as it needs to. It is vital that your body is able to keep the glucose balance right in order to keep working properly. A too-low blood glucose level would mean that the cells will not be able to generate enough ATP to function.

Read More
880 Words | 4 Pages

The main type of sugar in your blood is glucose this is the main source of your body's energy. The food you eat as well as the liver and muscles provide your body with glucose. The glucose

Read More
716 Words | 3 Pages

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the blood glucose levels in a person’s body becomes too high for too long. For those without diabetes, blood glucose is a main source of energy received from eating food. A healthy pancreas will make insulin, which causes the glucose to enter the cells and be used for energy. People with diabetes, however, have an abnormally high glucose level because their bodies either doesn’t make enough insulin, doesn’t use the insulin well, or don’t produce insulin at all. Without insulin, the cells do not receive any energy from the glucose, and it can cause many dangerous health problems if left untreated.

Read More
577 Words | 3 Pages

One of the ways our body gets energy is by converting food into sugar. To be able to do this we need to have insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by liver. When we eat, the sugar levels in our blood rise and insulin is released into the blood stream. It then makes the cells in the live and in the muscle tissue to absorb the sugar from the blood.

Read More

More about Glycogen Synthrase Lab Report

Open Document