ipl-logo

Graves Disease Case Study

981 Words4 Pages

INTRODUCTION

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid’s secretion of thyroid hormones [Triiodothyronine(T3) and Thyroxine(T4)] is regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released by the pituitary gland. These hormones regulate the body’s metabolic rate, heart function, brain development, bone maintenance and etc. In Graves’ disease, the immune system creates autoantibodies that mimic the function of TSH and stimulate production of more thyroid hormones. Consequently, this leads to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones. Excess thyroid hormones increase the body’s metabolic rate and speed up various body functions.

• Graves’ disease is characterized …show more content…

This may be due to a defect in suppressor T-lymphocyte function.
 Three types of autoantibodies:

a) Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
TSI are IgG antibodies that resemble the TSH and act as receptor agonist. They bind to and activate the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. This results in hypertrophy (increase in size) and hyperplasia (increase in number) of the thyroid follicular cells and causing thyroid enlargement, visible as goitre. Stimulation of the TSH receptor also signals the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones. However, the production of TSI is not regulated by the normal feedback mechanism. The continuous stimulation of thyroid gland by TSI causes hyperthyroidism.
b) TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin
These autoantibodies prevent TSH from binding to its receptor. Some forms of TBII mimic the action of TSH and stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones, whereas other forms inhibit thyroid cell function.

c) Thyroid growth-stimulating immunoglobulins
They are directed against TSH receptors and stimulate the growth of thyroid follicular epithelium.

2) The role of thyroid …show more content…

Various laboratory tests can then be carried out to confirm the diagnosis.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test is the most sensitive test to evaluate thyroid function and is usually the first test performed. TSH is a pituitary hormone that regulates the production of two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
T4 and T3 test is another blood test used to diagnose Grave’s disease. Generally, low levels of TSH and elevated levels of T4 and T3 indicate Graves’s disease. However, this may also occur in other cases of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, other tests can be performed to finalize the diagnosis.
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test and scan measure the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland in a certain time period and also determine the distribution pattern of iodine in the thyroid gland. High uptake of iodine and distribution of iodine over the entire thyroid gland suggest Graves’ disease.
TREATMENT OF GRAVES’ DISEASE

1) Non-Pharmacological

Show More
Related
1100 Words | 5 Pages

Case Study 1 – The Endocrine System Christina D’Amico University of Saint Joseph Abstract A fifteen-year-old boy with many hormonal abnormalities starting at the age of eleven suffered from joint pain and swelling along with poor bone growth and development. He broke his left hip and had low levels of testosterone and high levels of growth hormone resulting in gigantism and later acromegaly.

Read More
2367 Words | 10 Pages

The choice of treatment depends on several factors, this include, what the clinicians and the patient prefers, availability of a good surgeon, and many more. Interestingly all the treatment have similar improvements to the quality of life and patient satisfaction (Cooper, 2003). It is indicated that there is no such thing as excellent or perfect treatment for Graves ’ disease, one must compare the disadvantages, advantages, benefits and risks between each treatment type (Schussler-fiorenza et al., 2006) The table below summarizes some of these advantages and disadvantages of the

Read More
1633 Words | 7 Pages

The posterior lobe is then responsible for storing the hormones made by the neurons of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system is the specific way the hypothalamus communicates with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. This portal system consists of blood vessels that carry hormones of the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe. The anterior lobe then responds by making its own hormones. The anterior lobe hormones can go and control other glands.

Read More
637 Words | 3 Pages

For example, a lump of fat on the back of the neck and weight gain in face and neck, but thin arms and legs are the two major characteristics of ACTH tumor. Last but not the least, the TSH tumor, which is thyroid-stimulating hormone tumor will cause weight loss, irregular heartbeat, and shakiness. In contrast, the non functional pituitary tumor has no real symptoms during initial stage, but it will cause symptoms by pressing the surrounding structures while the tumor is growing

Read More
1223 Words | 5 Pages

3 POINTS: Describe how the tests or procedures in 13 (A) would confirm or disprove the disease or disorder you picked • Complete blood count or differential could reveal problems such as leukopenia, mild anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia. • Renal dysfunction could be detected by elevated serum creatinine. . • Urinalysis with urine sediment may revel hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, and/or cellular casts. • All of these are symptoms of lupus and get confirmed by these tests. 14.

Read More
1179 Words | 5 Pages

This patient might affected by Cushing syndrome. Cushing's syndrome is otherwise called or hypercorticolism or Cushing syndrome. Cushing's syndrome happens because of unusually large amounts of the hormone cortisol. This can occur for an assortment of reasons. The most well known cause is mistreatment of corticosteroid solutions.

Read More
917 Words | 4 Pages

Cushing’s Syndrome is a disease that involves an excess of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, most likely because of cancerous cells (Helm). This causes an excess of cortisol to be made in the adrenal gland which creates the symptoms known as Cushing’s Syndrome. This can also be caused by a tumor on the adrenal gland which causes an overproduction of cortisol (Helm). Cortisol is a steroid hormone which helps regulate blood sugar as well as aid in the metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

Read More
915 Words | 4 Pages

Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI) is an uncommon genetic disorder due to high quantity of mutations on gene ABCA12. HI infected newborns will have dry and tough outer skin coverings that crack into different plates and create deep fissures that lead to major pain on the skin and are highly prone to infections (Akiyama). Usually, couples who are carriers for HI disease are healthy and do not show signs of HI. However, both carriers of this autosomal recessive disorder will have about 25% chance of conceiving children with HI.

Read More
972 Words | 4 Pages

When someone has lupus something goes wrong with their immune system, which is the part of the body that fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs. Normally our immune system would produces proteins called antibodies that protect the body from these invaders. When someone has an autoimmune disease it means their immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and their body’s healthy tissues. This creates autoantibodies that attack and destroy healthy tissue. These autoantibodies

Read More
570 Words | 3 Pages

Addison’s Disease is a rare disorder where the adrenal glands, that’s located directly above the kidney, does not produce enough of the cortisol hormone. Addison’s disease can be separated into 2 sub conditions, primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency. People with primary adrenal insufficiency suffer from both a lack of the aldosterone hormone and the cortisol hormone the adrenal glands produce. People with secondary adrenal insufficiency only suffers with a lack of cortisol. The disease is found in every age group and both sexes.

Read More
822 Words | 4 Pages

3. I spent my young life struggling with this disease and my symptoms, my grandmother started having symptoms later in life around her 40’s. C. Possible environmental factors are also being studied. 1. For example, researchers have found that consuming too much iodine may inhibit thyroid hormone production in susceptible individuals.

Read More
142 Words | 1 Pages

My disease that I picked and will be talking about today is, Graves Disease. Graves Disease is when the Thyroid Hormones overproduce. Incase you didn’t know your Thyroid Hormones controls your calories, your heartbeat, body temperature, digestive tract (how fast food digests), muscle strength, and replacing dying cells. Over producing Thyroid Hormones speeds all of these things up. The Thyroid Gland (the gland that makes Thyroid Hormones) is located in the neck, below the Adam’s apple.

Read More
1109 Words | 5 Pages

As discussed with Overtraining Syndrome and Adrenal Insufficiency, hormone levels are varying in an abnormal fashion with respect to the adrenal glands. The hypersecretions hyposecretions of adrenal gland hormones, receptor modulation of their respective target cells, and desensitization of corresponding target cell receptors produce a vast array of ill effects on many other parts of the body. For instance, in the early stages of Overtraining Syndrome, hypersecretion of cortisol is observed. Hypersecretion of cortisol, or hypercortisolism, also causes insulin resistance as cortisol is an antagonist to insulin. This can lead to the development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and obesity.

Read More
4529 Words | 19 Pages

The anterior pituitary is devoid of a nerve supply, but has a unique blood supply, a portal system. The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system begins in a series of capillaries in the median eminence of the hypothalamus sends blood via veins to the anterior lobe, where it ends in a series of capillaries. This portal system carries neurohormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary where they control the secretion of anterior lobe hormones. The anterior pituitary consists of five different endocrine cell types, identified by antibodies against pituitary hormones and capable of production and secretion of pituitary hormones: 1.

Read More
820 Words | 4 Pages

The endocrine system is such an important system to the body because it functions the bodies use of hormones. The body uses many different hormones and the endocrine system regulates these. When the glands of the endocrine system secrete the hormones, the hormones are put into the bloodstream to be sent to the different parts of the body. The glands that comprise the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland which are all located in the brain, the thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus which are located in the throat, the adrenals and pancreas which are located in the body’s midsection, and the ovaries (female) and testes (male) which are located in the pelvic region. The system is so important because it regulates the body’s metabolism, growth and sexual development, digestion, heart rate, and many of the other body functions regulated by hormones.

Read More

More about Graves Disease Case Study

Related Topics

Open Document