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Osteoporosis Lab

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Recommended: Role of hormone replacement therapy in women's health

Abstract AIM: To observe the effects of Herba Epimedium (HE) extract on bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure in ovariectomised (OVX) rat. METHODS: A total of 84 female Sprague–Dawley rats of 3-month-old were randomly divided into OVX group (n = 70) and sham group (n = 14). The osteoporotic model was established by ovariectomy. Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, when the osteoporosis (OP) was successfully affirmed by the BMD, the rats in OVX group was randomly divided into OVX group (n = 14), low-dose HE group (n = 14), middle-dose HE group (n = 14), high-dose HE group (n = 14) and positive group (n = 14). The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The microstructure of the bone was observed by micro computed tomography. RESULTS: Twelve …show more content…

OP has become a major health problem, which is expected to worsen with aging populations worldwide1. During the past three decades, a range of medications has been used for the prevention and treatment of OP, but some of them are entirely satisfactory. For example, bisphosphonates can lead to atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw with long-term use, although it can effectively reduce the loss of bone mass; hormone replacement therapy is recommended only in women who also have menopausal symptoms, and some drugs like Raloxifene can increase the risk of blood clots and strokes. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, acts as a new drug for the treatment of OP, has also many side effects include low calcium blood levels, infections, skin and jawbone problems, and pain in the muscles, back, arms and legs2. Therefore, it is always necessary to look for some novel therapies of treatment. Many herbs have been used in the treatment of OP and other bone diseases in China and other East Asian countries for many hundred years. Of all the natural alternatives currently undergoing investigation, Chinese medicines have received the most attention. Herba Epimedii (HE) is an important medicinal plant; it has been applied in various traditional Chinese formulations for thousands of years3. HE has been often …show more content…

Estrogen deficiency can lead to a decline in BMD in both OVX rats and postmenopausal women6–7. The research shows that the treatment with HE effectively prevents the loss of bone mass caused by lack of estrogen8. Our study shows that the bone changes in OVX rats, especially decline in BMD, are similar to those in POP women. HE can significantly improve BMD in OVX rats. Bone microstructure is one of the important factors affecting the quality of bone, which along with bone mass represent bone strength9. In OVX rats, the trabecular bone was obviously thinner and shorter. The parts of the trabecular bone were destroyed or even disappeared. The number of trabecular decreased noticeably and there was a visible osteoclast (OC) reaction. While, treated with HE reduced trabecular bone lesions, especially in the secondary spongy areas and reduced the number of bone resorption pouches and OC. H-HE can also recover the Tb.N, Tb.Th and Tb.Sp just as positive group. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that H-HE can effectively increase BMD of the femurs, increased Tb.N and Tb.Th, but reduced Tb.Sp, all of which contribute to the treatment of

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284 Words | 2 Pages

Review of systems is positive for heat/cold intolerance, skin rash, new growth or mole, snoring, ankle swelling, abdominal pain, nausea, muscle pain, muscle weakness and difficulty sleeping. As of this report, an 11-panel urine drug screen was administered on this visit and showed positive for oxycodone. Patient continues with failed back and radicular pain for several years and failing adjuvant and increasing tolerance. A second opinion was advised and proceed with surgery if needed, or a trial of spinal cord stimulator.

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1016 Words | 5 Pages

The patient was diagnosed with neuroblastoma at six months old where he was given treatment with cyclophosphamide and monthly intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. The bisphosphonate therapy was discontinued because of the risks associated with developing osteoporosis. After diagnosis of EFD, this patient underwent several tests to rule out potential causes of EFD, such as, bone marrow disorder, metal poisoning, or hereditary bone diseases. Radiographic images confirmed delineation between osteopetrotic and normal bone which suggested a period of increased bone turnover followed by improved bone growth which is consistent with the bisphosphonate exposure the patient had at six months old. As a result, the patient is a risk for fractures in the areas where there was a transition between the osteopetrotic and normal bone.

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1395 Words | 6 Pages

Only 1/4 of this 80% know they have the condition and only half are being treated. The annual osteoporosis bill to the United States is $14 billion. Studies have shown that sufficient amounts of calcium and regular exercise build strong bones. While genetics play a major role in developing the risks of osteoporosis, individuals can control some factors that will help prevent the

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St. John's Wort Research Paper

531 Words | 3 Pages

Herbal products have been used for treatments since ancient times, before the exploration of synthetic industrial drugs. Since herbs are natural, most of the consumers believes herbal products are completely safe and the product use continuously increased and is reported 10-19% growth in United States. In U.S.A any botanical product affects the structure and functions of the body belongs to either a drug or dietary supplement and FDA regulates the dietary supplement. The author of this paper selected St. John’s wort ,as the herbal supplement for this assignment of patient educational flyer. Product Description: St. John’s wort (SJW) is a yellow flowering plant, grows in the wild used for health purpose for long time .The

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725 Words | 3 Pages

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Essay On Calcium Fallacy

895 Words | 4 Pages

Calcium is one of the most popular dietary supplements on the market, largely due to the fallacy that mega doses are important for building and maintaining healthy bones. People are told that calcium builds strong bones and prevents osteoporosis, but this is not the whole truth. What they have not been told is that they can’t be sure this will result in greater bone strength. Bone density measures bone compressive strength, but it does not reveal tensile strength

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Tibia Fracture Research Paper

1049 Words | 5 Pages

Generally accepted indications15,16,17 for surgical treatment were:- 1. Inability to obtain or maintain a satisfactory reduction(unstable fracture) 2. Open tibial fracture 3. Polytrauma patients with multiple long bone/multiple system injuries 4. Head injury with spasticity/cerebral

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Essay On Achondroplasia

1175 Words | 5 Pages

The FGFR3 protein spans across the cell membrane resulting in one end inside the cell and the other outside the cell allowing the protein to interact with growth factors outside the cell and receive signals for growth and development. The FGFR3 protein in the bone cells help control bone growth through a process previously mentioned called ossification, where cartilage is transformed into bone using calcium. When growth factors bind to the FGFR3, the protein is activated and FGFR3 is able to regulate ossification. When the Gly380Arg mutation occurs, it results in the FGFR3 protein being absent or damaged therefore preventing it from interacting with external growth factors causing the loss of control of ossification. This causes problems during bone development where cartilage fails to turn into bone.

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Menopause Research Paper Outline

354 Words | 2 Pages

What is menopause? It is a period in a women’s life when she, is typically 45-50 years of age and menstruation ceases or stops. (Source A) The process is gradual and there are three steps or phases of menopause.

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Skeletal Muscles Lab Report

1007 Words | 5 Pages

The gastrocnemius muscle of the frog was dissected away from the tibio-fibula bone while still being attached to the knee. The other parts such as the foot, thigh muscles and others were removed from the tibio-fibula except for the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius. Bone shears was used to cut the tibio-fibula bond 8-10mm below the knee. The femur was cut close to the hip joint. The muscle left in the petri dish was moistened using the Frog Ringer’s until ready to

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Essay On Tanning

1315 Words | 6 Pages

It plays a primary role in calcium absorption and metabolism for bone health. The role of Vitamin D is extremely important because during pregnancy, bones develop fast, as well as the fact that skin pigment in women is much less than that of men’s (Grant and Holick). When a woman does not contain a sufficient amount of Vitamin D, the infant can be born with low birth weights and develop bone and other growth deformities. This reduces the risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, as well as treating its symptoms (Grant and Holick).

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Reasons Why People Should Not Drink Cow's Milk

830 Words | 4 Pages

The calcium loss from our bones increases as the calcium in the cow’s milk barely being absorbed. Furthermore, milk and dairy products fail to protect bones from fractures. The increased risk of hip fractures in old age is the effect of consumption of dairy products, particularly at age twenty years. On the other hand, cow’s milk is the

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Neonatal Teeth In Children

690 Words | 3 Pages

The eruption of teeth is an important milestone in child’s development especially during the first year of life. Usually, the first primary tooth to erupt in the mouth is the mandibular central incisor around six months of age. However, sometimes this biological chronology gets disturbed when primary teeth appear in the mouth at birth. Teeth present in the mouth at the time of birth are called ‘natal teeth’, and those erupting during the first month of life are termed as ‘neonatal teeth’.[1] The natal (1:1000) and neonatal (1:30,000) teeth are the uncommon developmental anomaly.

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Post Menopausal Women

1067 Words | 5 Pages

10. 1. Menopause is a universal female experience, which occurs at the time of cessation of ovarian function. It begins with the onset of menstrual irregularities and ends with the last menstrual period. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed, following stoppage of menstruation for twelve consecutive months without any other pathology. The menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 and 50 years, the average age being 47 years.

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Drinking Milk

950 Words | 4 Pages

First of all this research experiment is lead by Connie Weaver, a distinguished professor with a PhD in nutrition and a multitude of accolades to her name (Purdue.edu). The researchers make sure to control a lot of variables, as to make sure that only the rat’s diet is creating changes in bone development. On top of this, the study is step up in such a way that helps ensure the credibility of its results. On other hand though, after looking over this experiment it does have a few flaws that weaken its credibility. First of all, this study was funded by the National Dairy Council, this means that this study could be bias towards milk being the better product.

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