MEDIEVAL, REFORMATION AND RENAISSANCE EXAM #1 Below are 20 short answer (4 points each) and 3 essay questions. You are to answer ALL of the short answer question in a sentence or two. You are to choose 1 of the essays (20 points) to write about using approximately ½ page single spaced 11 point font. You can receive partial credit for incomplete answers. I do not expect you to know every nuance of the question.
There are similarities and differences between Islamic, Byzantine, and Western European Societies for the roles of religion and the way of the political organization. Byzantine and Western European Societies both had a role of religion that eventually ended up being Christianity. In Islamic societies, they had a religion that is Muslim, and the political organization was primarily based on religion by following the leader Muhammad and the sacred text Quran. The similarity in the role of religion Christianity and Islam religion had is they both believed in a sacred text even though it is a different book, they both have a concept of Jesus Christ, and they both went to place to pray in a place of worship. Byzantine political organization went
St Francis was born in Assisi Italy. They are not completely sure on when St Francis was born but they think he was born between 1181-1182. He was born to Pietro and his wife Pica de Bourlemont. At a very young age St Francis became very devoted to the lord and prayed everyday in the morning to pray for a good day. St Francis did very poor in school and he did not even attend college but the school that he did attend was connected to the church.
During the end of World War II, Harry Truman made a significant impact on America and nations worldwide which became remarkable to history. His name was indeed the worthiest name to the 20th century. Any decision that came across Truman to decide, led onto a great path. Without the decision making of Truman, America and nations throughout the world would have fell unto a deeper corrupt society. " America was not built on fear.
When the Roman Empire collapsed in the Fifth Century the Christians could not believe that the society they built could fall under the protection of God. Many during that time could not separate their Roman citizenry from Christianity. The pagans during the fall of Rome felt that the Christians were to blame because the Roman government was not appeasing their gods. After the fall many Christians felt they were living in the “end times” and wrote about it being the end of the world. After Rome fell the societal boundaries were dissolved reducing everyone to equal levels which allowed the Christians the opportunity to minister to others and spread the gospel.
Ecumenism and modernisation of the Church were at the pinnacle of these advancements, developing the Christian religion significantly. The Catholic Church prior to Pope John XXIII’s Second Vatican Council dated directly back to the practices and faith of Roman
Saint Ambrose was most likely born in the year 340 AD in Germany and was raised Roman Christian. After the death of his father, Ambrose was well-educated in Rome. In Milan, Italy he held a position on the council as the Governor of Liguria and Emilia until the year 374. The former Arian Bishop of Milan died and Ambrose was summoned to the election of a new bishop to keep the peace between the Arians and the Nicene Church.
He studied philosophy and theology in Alexandria. Athanasius succeeded Bishop Alexander when he died in 328, and during his first few years in office he went to places like Libya and Egypt, and he got important contacts with Monks while there. In between this time, he was exiled many times, but returned home for a few years of
To this end, Ambrose’s “Duties of the Clergy” that provided guidance and direction to pastors long after his death. His influence is also clearly seen in the role as a pastor and mentor to Augustine of Hippo. It was not unit well after his death that John of Constantinople became John Chrysostom. This title had been given to him posthumously as one of the great preachers of
A few of the fathers most significant contributions to Christian thought today: Apostolic Fathers (i.e. Hermas, Clement, and Barnabas): combined “biblical teachings and philosophy” to present the One as creator and establisher of all things. Apologists (i.e. Justin, Aristides, Tatian, Theophilus of Antioch, and Athenagoras): set out to defend the Christian faith against contemporary culture and philosophy of their time. Brought attention to the search for knowledge was truly
St Francis of Assisi was a major influence on the contemporary church, implementing new ideas, stopping conflict and implementing new ways of prayer and reflection. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women’s Order of Saint Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. St Francis of Assisi reported hearing the word of God, who commanded him to rebuild the church and live in poverty. This lead him to abandon a life of luxury and wealth for a life devoted to God. St Francis of Assisi rebuilt the Christian Church to the way we know it today, influencing us to become closer with God.
As for the others, Augustine was sent to preach and do missionary work as well in the English nation along with several other monks for he was the servant of God (Bede, 78). Columba was born in Ireland and entered the monastic school where he studied and completed his training. He then went to the Monastery of Clonard that was governed by a monk by the Finnian, while at the same time he was ordained as a priest by Bishop Etchen of Clonfad. Columba then left to do missionary work after a major conflict with Finnian over copying a manuscript and founded a new Monastery in Ireland with 12 disciples (Adamnan, 81).
Religious Movements and the Papal Power. During the early stages of Christianity, all religious movements were aimed at establishing and practicing Christianity as a legal religion. However, after 313 CE, Christianity had become a legal religion and more importantly, it had become the religion of the state. Therefore, the religious leaders were experiencing considerable amount of power.
These people were tremendously diverse, but each one had unique way of making a difference. Some of these people include Constantine the Great, who was the emperor of the Romans. Another person who helped construct and aid in the expansion of the religion was the Apostle Paul, a Roman born missionary who preached his ideas amongst others. Paul was one of the most important people in the history of Christianity. This was due to the fact that he was one of the original missionaries and it was said that Jesus had came to
Augustine of Hippo was a Christian philosopher who played a big part and impacted Christianity greatly. Augustine helped Christianity by helping the Church by finding answers to questions that could have damaged the Church if they went unanswered. He explained to the Church original sin, the Trinity, and clarified the concept of predestination. Augustine was the bishop in the city of Hippo located in North Africa. He was the son of the famous Saint Monica, but despite his mother being a devout Christian his father believed in paganism.
