How Did The Axial Age Influence The Development Of Early Civilizations

Justin Evans Professor Savez History of Early Civilizations May 30, 2024

Axial Age changed the Future The Axial Age was characterized by an intense shift towards ethical, philosophical, and transcendent thinking, which significantly influenced the development of major religious and philosophical traditions, including Confucianism, Buddhism, and Judaism. These traditions, through their emphasis on ethics, personal transformation, and a transcendent reality, embody the core characteristics of the Axial Age as identified by Jaspers. Before the Axial Age could become what it was, there was a time period of about 300 years where things were done differently by humans. The period between 1100 and 800 BCE, often referred to as the Greek Dark Ages,

Jaspers' concept of the Axial Age emphasizes the relationship between human intellectual evolution and its impact on new human thoughts. Between 800 and 100 BCE, Eurasia experienced profound philosophical, religious, and cultural transformations, often referred to as the Axial Age. This period saw the rise of influential thinkers and traditions such as Confucianism and Daoism in China, Buddhism and Jainism in India, and the philosophical advancements of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle in Greece. Additionally, significant religious developments occurred with the Hebrew prophets in the Near East, all contributing to a shift towards ethical thinking, rationality, and individualism across these regions. New religious and philosophical traditions emerged, significantly shaping human thought and society. In China, Confucianism and Daoism developed, emphasizing ethical behavior, social harmony, and alignment with the natural order. India saw the rise of Buddhism and Jainism, focusing on personal enlightenment, non-violence, and the cessation of suffering. In Greece, philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and

The importance of Li (ritual propriety) is also stressed, along with support for proper conduct in social interactions to maintain harmony and order. Confucianism places a strong emphasis on the family as the fundamental unit of society, promoting filial piety and respect for elders. Education and self-cultivation are seen as essential for personal development and societal betterment. Confucius also highlights the role of moral leadership and the responsibility of rulers to govern with righteousness. Overall, Confucianism seeks to create a harmonious society through the cultivation of virtuous individuals and ethical governance. Topic 8 - "The 'Tasty'" Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) in the 6th century BCE, centers on the Four Noble Truths which diagnose the nature of suffering and prescribe a path to its conclusion. The Eightfold Path outlines practical steps for ethical living, mental discipline, and wisdom, guiding practitioners towards enlightenment (Nirvana). Buddhist practice is the concept of non-attachment and the recognition of the impermanence of all things, which helps to alleviate suffering. Meditation and mindfulness are key