The Protestant Reformation is the period of transitioning from medieval to modern times. During the Protestant Reformation, technology made a huge impact. Warfare such as cannons and gunpowder, printing technology such as the printing press enhanced Europe. The influence of Italian Renaissance artist spread throughout Northern Europe. Northern Renaissance consisted of literature figure Shakespeare and visual figures from Flemish and German.
Europe went through some substantial changes between the 1500’s to 1700’s, lots of these changes due to the reform of Christianity. This era was called the protestant reformation, which was caused by the clerical abuse in the Catholic Church. Many people contributed to the changes of the reformation, but Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry the 8th had some of the biggest influences. Martin Luther, a monk of theology, was one of the first to see the illicit and try to change aspects of the religion in 1517. Pope Leo the 10th was dealing in indulgences, a way of forgiveness through money, to get money for the rebuilt and glorify old churches.
He published these observations in the book Sidereus Nuncius (1610). The Catholic Church had formerly opposed Copernicus already in 1543, and met Galileo with the same opposition. The Church declared any documents on heliocentric theory were to be banned and considered heretical in 1616. That same year, Galileo proposed a new theory regarding tides, and three years later one regarding comets, claiming these as proof of the earth’s motion. Eventually in 1632, Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which became very popular, much to the alarm of the Catholic Church.
Many reformers such as Martin Luther, John Wycliff, and John Calvin played prominent roles in sixteenth-century Europe; they helped to reform Catholic churches and change the Europeans’ ways of thinking. “The Reformation was a rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance” is a true statement. The main goal of the religious reformation was to bring back the former beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, which were based off of the bible; this went against the Renaissance ideas. Martin Luther was one of the many important reformers in sixteenth century Europe. Luther helped to completely change the church systems by writing his 95 theses.
The Roman Catholic Church has been around before the middle ages. It has hardly changed from its beginning to today. The church has been through a schism like the schism of 1054. It has seen the rise of rivalry churches like the Church of England and the Lutheran Church. The Roman Catholic Church has built churches that took over a hundred years to build.
The Catholic Reformation was a major event that took place during the development of the west. Some of what they did during this reformation was in response to what the Protestants had done during theirs and they also wanted to clarify the differences Protestants and Romans churches. They were persuading the Protestants to return back to the Roman churches and wanted them to have a stronger spiritual and religious relationship with their fellow people. The Council of Trent was a defining character during the Reformation. It was the gathering of officials in the church such as, bishops, cardinals, and other high church officials that would meet during between the years 1545 and 1563 to discuss their beliefs and the reform.
Galileo and others were dubious of this theory, and proved the church wrong through science and mathematics. Copernicus proved heliocentrism through a fully predictive
Galileo, a familiar name of a renowned renaissance man, was steadfast in his beliefs: evidence he collected concurred with Copernicus’ hypothesis of a heliocentric universe, a model in which the Sun was the center, rather than the earth. At that time, in the early 1600’s, the height of a brutal organization known as the Spanish Inquisition, known for copious use of torture, this outspokenness could be called something of a mistake. In 1633, Galileo was interrogated for eighteen days and forced to rescind his previous statements considered heresy by the church, and placed under house arrest as his health deteriorated for the remaining nine years of his life. Direct critique of the church was also a dangerous path to tread, as the devoted priest Martin Luther found. While morality, along with many beliefs of a theological nature, can be hard to dichotomize into such subjective categories as right or wrong, Luther’s criticism on the church’s extortion of money through sale of indulgences is easy to understand.
The Catholic Reformation was the church’s response to the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic Reformation was also known as the Counter Reformation. The Catholic Reformation occurred in the 16th and 17th century. The Catholic Reformation was caused by many differences between the church and people of Europe. The Catholic church created the Council of Trent to help with corruption in the church.
The Catholic Reformation was the intellectual counter-force to Protestantism. The desire for reform within the Catholic Church had started before the spread of Martin Luther. Erasmus and Luther were willing to recognize faults within the Papacy. Most other intelligent Catholics wanted change as well. During the l5th century, society was changing.
"The Protestant Reformation forever changed the way that some would view the Church" (Rawls, 2017). People were able to read and study the Scriptures, instead of learning what the Church wanted them to learn. As they read they realize what they have been taught didn't align with what they were learning. That changed their views towards not only the church but also the state. What the Catholic Church feared was happening.
Throughout the Middle Ages and into the 16th century, the dominance and supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe was unmatchable and unmanageable, leading to its corruption. Irritated with the actions of the papacy and clergy in the Roman Catholic Church, many discussed ways to mend the church by purging it of its faults and corruption. However, most attempts to fix the church were fruitless, that is, until 1517, when Catholic monk Martin Luther protested the actions of the Catholic Church and began what is known as the Reformation. During this time, theologians and scholars known as reformers led more successful attempts of protesting and reforming the Catholic Church, riding on the backs of Renaissance and Classical philosophy and scriptural teachings. One of the
The religious ideals promoted by Reformation writers in the sixteenth century were in conflict with that of the Roman Catholic Church. The belief and practices of the Roman Catholic Church prompted others to examine the intentions and character of its theological viewpoints. Reformers disagreed with the practices of pious authority usurped by Roman authority, The Pope, and the misappropriation of religious sacraments. Differing opinions also appealed to the selling of papal documents that guaranteed the penitent their remission of sins called indulgences. These practices countered ambitious political rulers in their efforts of extending their power and influence at the churches expense.
People in the Renaissance didn’t need to listen to the church’s facts anymore, they could argue with reasons and facts. The first of many reasons why man’s view of the world changed is people started using facts and reasoning to conclude their theories., as we see there are two theories. One is the Geocentric Universe theory and the other one is the Heliocentric theory. The Heliocentric theory was created by Nicolaus Copernicus and the Geocentric Theory was created by Claudius Ptolemy. Ptolemy believed that
At the same time reformation was shattering Christianity shaking loose the churches hold on European minds. Medieval European scholarship had been largely based on belief. Now that approach was over run as thinkers began to use mathematical data. In their studies of the stars, astronomers had struggled to explain what they were seeing. Nicolas Copernicus theorized that the earth turned and rotated around the sun.
