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Human Body System Essay

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Human body consists of several types of body systems that perform in collaboration with one another in sustaining a person’s health and life. Body system is defined as a complete framework that forms by multiple organs which work together in maintaining body function (Chiras, 2013). The main system in our body is categorized into three important systems namely respiratory system, cardiovascular system and urinary system (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1). One of the main body systems is the respiratory system. Respiratory system consists of two tracts which are the upper respiratory tract comprising only the conducting portion which transports air to and from lungs and the lower respiratory tract that includes both the conducting portion …show more content…

The signs and symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, chronic cough, fatigue and having bluish lips and nail beds (American Lung Association, 2014). The second vital human body system is cardiovascular system (CVS). CVS plays an integral role in enhancing and facilitating the proper function of heart in order to allow the body to function as a whole. CVS comprises of two components namely heart and blood vessels. Heart is a four-chambered muscular pumping organ that divides into atriums and ventricles that are separated by valves to prevent backflow of blood among the compartments (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010). However, heart undergoes two types of circulatory loops in the transportation of blood which are systemic and pulmonary circulation (Taylor, n.d.). Systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from heart into all tissues in the body and return the deoxygenated blood back into the heart via vena cava (Taylor, n.d.). On the other hand, pulmonary circulation responsible in the transportation of deoxygenated blood into the lungs for gaseous exchange that results in the return of oxygenated blood into the heart via pulmonary vein (Taylor, n.d.). Another major component of CVS is blood

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The functions of the human cardiopulmonary system can be broken down into two, circulatory system and the respiratory system. The main goal of these two systems is to maintain homeostasis in our body. Homeostasis can be described as a type of condition where the internal continuity of an individual has to keep steadiness, regardless of any external changes from the outside environment. External changes from the outside environment may include factors such as excitement, stress, exercise, diet, and much more. Exercise can be carried out because the human body can endure a high level of exercise during a prolonged period of time.

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The lung tissues may develop a pneumothorax. This causes the lungs to collapse by letting air escape into the chest cavity. This disease may affect the heart through aortic dilation. The aorta is a blood vessel that is responsible for transporting blood from the heart to the body. In aortic dilation, the aorta may overstretch or become weak.

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From these questions that were given out by Dr. Frander, many students should have a great understanding what to expect to the mid-term exam. Dr. Frander really encouraged us to study because most of these questions are difficult. For instance, she gave us an example in a patient who has COPD/ emphysema. What we have concluded from this question what they are looking for the emphysema patients don’t have a problem of taking air in rather they have a problem of taking the air out. The main problem of the emphysema, they have a lot of mucus, and the alveoli which where the gas exchange takes is impaired.

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The pumping ability of the heart is compromised by a continuum between coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction. This paradox deprives the heart of blood-borne oxygen and nutrients. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the earliest of the continuum and consists of any disorder that narrows or blocks the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD, which diminishes the myocardial blood supply until the blood flow to the heart is limited causing the starvation of cells or ischemia. (McCance 1160).

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Homeostasis is the body's method of keeping internal stability no matter what external influence disturbs its normal functioning (Anna, 2011). And the respiratory system is one of the systems in the body that helps to maintain homeostasis by maintaining pH and regulating gas exchange. The main function of this system is take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. This system has external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is a mechanical process that exchange of gases in and out of the body, while internal respiration is the chemical process that breaking down nutrients with oxygen to produce energy.

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Cardio Respiratory Endurance Cardio Respiratory Endurance is the ability for the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the body for a prolonged period of physical activity. The area of the body that this takes place in is the cardiorespiratory system (subsists of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system). The bellow figure shows the cardiorespiratory system. I tested my Cardio Respiratory Endurance by doing the beep test. As a result, I achieved an average score of 8.5.

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If a person does not have a cardiovascular system that is in good working order, it can be a fatal situation. Along with pumping blood to the body, the cardiovascular system also brings oxygen and nutrients to all of the different organs and tissues within the body. As our blood makes its circuit journey from the heart to the extremities and then back to the heart, waste is removed from the cells as well. For the cardiovascular system to function at an optimal level, it needs to be healthy and fit.

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Two key components of the human body, blood pressure and heart rate, are crucial to determining how healthy a person is. Blood pressure, or the pressure of the blood in the cardiovascular system, is crucial in the human body, because it is the main transportation system that travels to and from cells. Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by beats per minute. The nervous system and brain contributes to upholding these two critical areas by monitoring and controlling them.

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The Muscular System is an organ system that contains the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. It 's what makes the body able to move. Cardiac muscle a different than skeletal muscles because the main cardiac muscle is the heart which is controlled by the nervous system. Smooth muscles which are controlled directly by the autonomic nervous system and cannot be moved by conscious thought. Skeletal muscle system can all be moved voluntarily.

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The heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2).

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The left atrium is one of two atria of the heart, and functions as receiving refilled/oxygenated blood, entering the heart from the lungs through the left coronary artery, which branches from the aorta. The left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle, which would in turn pump the new, refilled blood back out into the body. The right ventricle is one of the four main chambers in the heart, made of muscle, and is located below the right atrium. The right ventricle is also one of two ventricles in the heart, and functions as pumping the deoxygenated blood coming from the right atrium away to the lungs.

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The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange, which consists of movement of oxygen into the body and removal of carbon dioxide. To achieve this goal, respiration can be divided and four major functions. First of all, we have pulmonary ventilation, which means the inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli; second, the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the alveoli and the blood; after this, these gases are transported in the blood and body fluids to and from the tissue cells. Finally, all these steps are controlled and regulated by respiratory center and receptors. (GUYTON, A.C.; HALL, J.E. 2006)

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The walls of the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of the body with the next exhalation." (Dugdale, 2012) Ventilation is another fact because if this not happen our body will be full of carbon dioxide and the oxygen will be down. Many times when the people here ventilation they get confused and think that they are talking about respiration that is not correct, is correct say that ventilation is similar to breathing but no to respiration, they are different "Movements of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm allow air into and out of the lungs.

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