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Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Pregnancy outcome:
Few studies have reported that nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is associated with favourable pregnancy outcome8-10. An interesting study conducted by group of investigators in 411 pregnant women about the pattern of nausea and vomiting its pregnancy outcome showed that women without nausea and vomiting had a greater proportion of non viable fetus and low birth weight infants than those who had vomiting 8.
HG is said to be associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), small-forgestational-age (SGA), perinatal death and prolonged hospitalization for the new-born infant 126-129. A recent meta-analysis on hyperemesis gravidaruam and pregnancy outcomes, comprising of 13 case–control studies, 10 cohort studies and …show more content…

Therefore, hyperemesis gravidarum means "excessive vomiting of pregnant women". Hyperemesis gravidarum is seen in 1-3% of pregnant women12. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition diagnosed by exclusion and is mostly based on the presentation. The definition of hyperemesis gravidarum used in clinical research is, persistent vomiting, ketonuria and weight loss more than 5% of pre-pregnancy weight. There are other conditions in pregnancy with similar …show more content…

At present hyperemesis gravidarum is the third leading cause of hospitalisation due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition17. Currently maternal mortality due to hyperemesis is rare. Wernicke’s encephalopathy secondary to thiamine deficiency is a rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. It leads to symptoms such as ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and mental confusion18. Some patients experience disorientation and inattentiveness. The disease can also lead to stupor, coma and death if not treated appropriately & promptly. Other rare but lethal maternal complications include acute renal failure, pneumomediastinum, rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, sialorrhoea – constant salivation (“ice-cream bucket syndrome”) and central pontine myelinolysis19-24. It may also cause Mallory-Weiss tears and esophageal rupture 121,122. Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with increased risk of low fetal birth weight25 . Attempts to quantify NVP symptoms originated with the Rhodes scale, which was designed for the assessment of nausea and vomiting in patients

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But as many as one-fifth suffer from the more serious post-partum depression, which includes symptoms like despair and failing to eat or sleep. Post-natal psychosis is far rarer, affecting only about one in 1,000 women. Women with post-natal psychosis have delusions, frequently involving religious symbols and a desire to harm their newborn. The most common part of the psychosis is the delusional thinking. The risk of developing post-natal psychosis is 50% or higher for women with schizophrenia who are not taking medication.

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The first is that nausea and vomiting maybe be unavoidable during pregnancy. If this were to be true, the symptoms would have no effect on the embryo but it seems that nausea and vomiting is neither necessary nor have a significant role. Studies from the article showed that 10% of females miscarried if they did not have vomiting and nausea and 4% that did experience nausea and vomiting still miscarried. Secondly, vomiting and nausea could relate a message from the body to the woman 's family that she may soon need extra food or to the significant other that sexual intercourse needs to decrease. This does not seem to be supported because they say that nausea and vomiting come at the pregnancy peak which is within the first 6-10 weeks (after conception).

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According to Kathryn Krost and Stanley Henshaw in their article U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births and Abortions, 2008: State Trends by Age, Race and Ethnicity the United States alone has a teen pregnancy rate of 3 in every 10 teenage girls. Krost and Henshaw state how this means that 30% of teenage girls will get pregnant at least once before the age of twenty, which equates to about 750,000 teenage pregnancies every year. A study performed at the University of Texas at Austin shows that over the past twelve months about 3 in 5 pregnant teens have used one or more substances, which is a percentage that is nearly double that of nonpregnant teens. This sample included nearly 100,000 young girls from the ages of twelve to seventeen. While pregnant, if a woman who is pregnant and she consumes alcohol then she is putting her child more at risk than she is putting herself at risk.

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A vital part of the nursing profession is nursing research. Clinical questions for specific patient problems are identified so that healthcare providers can find clinically relevant information using Internet search engines and databases (Higgins & Green, 2009). The main principle of nursing research is to produce new knowledge. The primary function of evidence based practice is to make evaluations about patient care built around the most current and best evidence that was collected by a systematic problem solving method. This paper will discuss hypothyroidism in pregnant women, and the risk fact of miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy.

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Metallic Taste In Mouth Overview: Parageusia or dysgeusia is a type of taste disorder in which, an unpleasant or metallic taste develops in the mouth suddenly or over prolonged period of time. The olfactory sensory neurons and your taste buds control your sense of taste. When you eat something, the nerve endings send information from the taste buds to the brain. The human brain then identifies the specific taste. Many factors can affect this system and cause a distortion of the sense of taste.

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It affects around 5-8% of all pregnancies. When superimposed with convulsions it is termed as eclampsia. Other high-risk factors are multiple pregnancy, hydramnios, and molar pregnancy. It is estimated that around 1400 women dye from pregnancy-related causes

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Another important cause if the Sundeen Infant Disease is low birth weight. I know and believe that low weights after a baby is born signals one that something might be wrong with the baby that was born. Weight is really important at this stage of development of a baby, therefore if a baby’s weight is less then there must just be something wrong with that baby. “Premature birth or being part of a multiple birth increases the likelihood that a baby 's brain hasn 't matured completely, so he or she has less control over such automatic processes as breathing and heart rate”. ( mayo clinic)This line enables one to understand that the loss of weight (premature birth) is similar to how since a baby has a loss in weight or is premature means that baby didn’t really have a developed brain which leads to premature brain that can not regulate the body which leads to the Sudden Death Disease.

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EBSCOhost, ezproxy1.cincinnatistate.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.as px?direct=true&db =a9h&AN=98392016. Accessed 28 November 2017. Soubhagya, Talawar and Venkatesh G.“Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy” IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

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Jablonski (2012) explained that dehydration is often overlooked with infants and young children since they are unable to communicate their needs, it can be missed by parents, care givers and healthcare professionals, with symptoms of dehydration mimicking those of other serious illnesses such as decreased urine output, low capillary refill and increased heart rate (shepherd, 2011). The urgency to rule out life threating illnesses can force healthcare professionals to overlook dehydration as the cause of ill health (Jablonski, 2012). If dehydration is missed this can lead to serious health issues such as hypovolaemic shock, organ failure and even fatalities (Koyfman, 2017). Evidence shows that main causes of fatalities from dehydration stem from other existing factors such as gastroenteritis, failure to thrive/neglect and environmental factors such as abnormally high environmental temperatures (Whitehead, Couper, Moore and Byard, 1996) thus showing that children are extremely vulnerable to the physical harm of dehydration and this should not be

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You shouldn’t worry about the effects of the medicine, because the exhausting nausea and vomiting affects you and your baby. By taking prescribed medicines not only you, but also your baby will find relief. • Let yourself get distracted- Whenever you experience nausea or an urge to vomit, try and think of something that currently occupies your mind besides the pregnancy. Sometimes it works if you set your mind on something else and ignore the morning sickness altogether.

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