Structural Realism: The Three Theories Of International Relations

What is International Relations? International Relations is concerned with relations across boundaries of nation-states. It addresses international political economy, global governance, intercultural relations, national and ethnic identities, foreign policy analysis, development studies, environment, international security, diplomacy, terrorism, media, social movements and more. It is a multidisciplinary field that does not restrict students to one approach and employs a variety of methods including discourse analysis, statistics and comparative and historical analysis.

What are the International Theories? There are three theories in international relations that we can generally say to be effective. These are; Realism, Liberalism,

It is a concept used to express the realist research program after 1980. The theory is usually associated with Kenneth Waltz (1924–2013) and his 1979 book bearing the obvious name Theory of International Politics. That book endeavored to construct a very general framework for explaining recurring patterns of state behavior and state interaction in the international system. According to Neorealism, the state is the most important actor in international relations. There are also some other actors; international non-governmental organizations, NATO, BM, EU, international companies, etc. However, these cannot be as important as the state in foreign

His theoretical contribution was termed ‘neorealism’ or ‘structural realism’ because he emphasized the notion of ‘structure’ in his explanation. Rather than a state’s decisions and actions being based on human nature, they are arrived at via a simple formula. First, all states are constrained by existing in an international anarchic system (this is the structure). Second, any course of action they pursue is based on their relative power when measured against other states. So, Waltz offered a version of realism that recommended that theorists examine the characteristics of the international system for answers rather than delve into flaws in human nature. In doing so, he sparked a new era in IR theory that attempted to use social scientific methods rather than political theory (or philosophical) methods. The difference is that Waltz’s variables (international anarchy, how much power a state has, etc.) can be empirically/physically measured. Ideas like human nature are assumptions based on certain philosophical views that cannot be measured in the same way. Neorealism emphasizes anarchy and uncertainty in the international system. However, it does not say that it originated from human nature or is related to the system. The hypothesis of neorealism is: the international system, which is anarchic and financial