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Inca Empire Research Paper

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The Inca Empire was the largest Latin American Empire with 12 million inhabitants at it’s peak (History). The Inca Empire lasted from 1200 CE until 1532 when their capital was sacked by Spanish explorers (Lockhart). In their beginning years, the Inca Empire had different emperors and conquered almost all of the land around their empire. This has lead to them making Cuzco, which is in Modern Peru, and is also the Inca’s capital. The Inca Empire’s prime years were with the Emperor Pachacuti, who rebuilt the city in the 1400 century. He had the townspeople rebuild many of their houses using pieces of stone that still stand today. Also during this time, the Inca built roads for messengers, “A system of roadways adding up to approximately 15,000
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The Incas cliff dwellings were large and their vast ream contained over 123 million people. Their buildings were 3 miles or more above sea level this made the oxygen level less which was said in “Source 3 Paragraph 1”. Yet with that difficulty the Incas built a great civilization and grew into something huge, the Inca empire stretched more than 2,500 miles from what is now northern Ecuador to central Chile which was stated in “Source 3 Paragraph 2”. There was Machu picchu which had earned the nickname of the lost city city since untill Hiram Bingham discovered it in 1911 while on a expedition. We still don’t know why Sapa Inca( Inca leader at the time) ordered it to be built but it turned out to be spectacular.

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Four hundred and eighty five years later and the technology has barely changed, proving just how advanced the Incas really were. Liesl Clark explains “Even with our advanced mountaineering clothing and equipment of today, it is hard for us to acclimatize…and dehydration experienced at the high altitudes frequented by the Inca.” The people moving these rocks had to battle unpredictable weather, carry drinking water, and battle with the higher atmospheric pressures. On top of all that they were moving huge rocks every step of the way. Developing a highly advanced system to transport rocks up the Andes Mountains proves how highly Advanced the Incas and their tools really were.

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How did an empire like this begin as a small tribe relocating to Peru? After migrating north into Peru in 1200 CE, what started as a small Inca tribe grew into what became the most powerful pre-Hispanic empire in only three centuries (Lockhart). At its peak, the Inca Empire spread across ancient Ecuador, northern Chile, Bolivia, Peru, southern Colombia, and northern Argentina. Overall, the empire covered 5,500 km (3,400 miles) from north to south, and governed some 10 million subjects, with over 30 languages spoken amongst them (Cartwright). Flourishing between 1400 and 1533 CE, the Inca Empire was the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time (Cartwright).

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This was a way to allow them to still expand their empire while still being able to provide for their country men. The Inca believed in using force as a last resort. Which led them to grow so large while not having civil war but if you opposed them they would kill everything and one in sight whoever was left was sold into slavery.

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The Incas Empire capital was located in Cuzco, which is in modern day Peru (Boyer et al. 9). Much of the success that came to this empire was because of the advancement of agriculture, just like that of the Aztec Empire. The Incas people created new technologies so that they could increase their crop production for larger populations. This civilization also built irrigation systems for the agriculture, and constructed roads and bridges (Boyer et al. 9).

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In central Mexico, specifically around Lake Texcoco by the 15th century, a new civilization emerged, replacing the Mayas of the 8th century; the Aztec Empire became an independent group in 1428 C.E. and built their empire with the help of alliances made with other conquered regions and military conquest. Meanwhile, in the Andes mountains of western South America, another empire was emerging; around the 13th century, the Inca Empire came to life, eventually spanning 2,500 miles and having up to 13 million people under their rule. When analyzing these empires, many similarities and differences begin to appear. The Aztec and Inca Empires shared some similarities, such as their foundations in agriculture and efficient military organization, but

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The Empire was well knows of their engineering and designing construction, such as accomplishing Machu Picchu only using wood and stone with bronze devices. Their biggest achievement was improving and expanding the small land they started constructing into a larger empire in such an area which difficult to start a life at and to find. Amazingly how through all these productions, the Incas overcame the agricultural seasons and distributing the food, plus managing the storage and building extends. More than all that, they have managed a vast number of armies and workers at the same time without any

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The Spanish were able to conquer both the Aztec and the Incan empires so easily because of advanced weaponry, disease, and the Native American view that the Europeans were gods come down to earth. Many of the reasons that that the Spanish had an advantage had to do with their geography. Because of their location in Europe along the same latitude as the fertile crescent, they were able to reap the benefits of cultural diffusion, such as advancement in weapons, farming, and other technological advancements like the printing press. One the biggest advantages that the Spanish had over the Aztecs and Incas were their advanced weaponry, such as guns, steel, and horseback riding.

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Inca people were located in modern day Peru, the capital of Cusco. The place that they were located is nicknamed the “lost city”. The place was called the lost city because the city was never found by the Spanish invaders when they conquered the Inca in the 1500’s. By the early 1500’s the Inca people were located 200 miles north to

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They erected great temples and pyramids to their gods. These pyramids were 20 stories tall and had a great stairway leading to the top, and at the top, that is where the ceremonial sacrifices took place. These craftsmen also erected a grand home for the emperor, his home was decorated finely. But not all Aztecs had such homes, these homes were made from clay and water, they only had one room for all the activities in the home i.e. cooking, eating and sleeping. They also had a separate building for steam baths.

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History should say that the Aztecs were very confident about their beliefs as an empire. The Aztecs were an empire located on the Plateau of Mexico. They had a very powerful government. The Aztecs believed that they gods kept the world going. The Aztecs had many customs and traditions in order to please the gods.

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In the pre-Columbus Americas three societies, the Mayans, Olmecs, and Incas were able to flourish without some of the advanced technology that the Europeans of the time had. Although some of these societies innovations and technology were similar to the Europeans, they were not as advanced or as strong. The way we look at the Mayans, Olmecs, and Incas of this time should be looked at as advanced and intelligent societies. The Olmec society is considered to be the foundation of all civilizations in Mesoamerica that followed them.

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Another trait that the Inca Empire capitalized on was their labor. They would conquer other areas and make people pay taxes through labor. Two other major accomplishments that I believe are worth mentioning is the roads and bridges built. The roads were constructed with smaller bites of rock material and made moving other, heavier rocks, much easier. The bridges were made to go across rivers when they were to high and the currents were too powerful during different seasons.

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The Great Inca Rebellion impacted the history of Peru and the whole Central and south American history. The Incas were the romans of the new world and made a huge impact on everything. They created Machu Picchu and had great advantages such as their horses for mobility and their steel weapons for fighting. Many hundreds of years later researchers found a cemetery on Puruchuco ground. Many of the bodies were buried like normal facing in the same direction, deep in the ground.

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