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Influenza Vaccines: A Case Study

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Good Day, Jude Soweh

Thank you so much for such an inspirational discussion post. You made a tremendous sacrifice and prevailed in good health condition throughout the period of no health insurance. The United States have documented that 32 million Americans are without health insurance as of the year 2014 (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2016). Given that, 48% have decided to forgo health insurance because of the high cost of the insurance premium (KFF, 2016). Those who have decided to forgo insurance were in a family of at least one person working (KFF, 2016). In which estimated to be approximately 8 in 10 and 5 in 10 were 200% below the poverty line (KFF, 2016). Considerably, adults were at higher risk of uninsured compared to children as a result of limited public coverage services for the over age 18 population of non-elderlies (KFF, 2016). In all cost of health insurance premium remains barriers for many families who to have made such sarcifice (KFF, 2016). Thanks for sharing your post.

Reference

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2016). Key facts about the uninsured population. …show more content…

Influenza vaccines direct and indirect medical costs have resulted in an effective cost saving for all ages especially the 65 and up (Carias et al., 2015). The direct and indirect cost of influenza vaccination is associated with many economic principles that ties in with 1) the health outcomes, 2) medical cost, 3) hospitalizations, 4) loss of lives, 5) inpatients admission, 6) over the counter medication, 7) out of patients visits, drug prescription, 9) days lost to work and much more (Carias et al., 2015). Therefore, the overall economic cost of providing vaccination to the population is relevantly high given the above factors that is considerable to weigh the benefits cost of vaccination. However, the advantage of the vaccinate cannot be compared to the cost giving that people will live healthily and hopefully longer

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insufficient progress to date remains less than 50% been made in view of the increasing speed of the HCWs influenza vaccine. Medical workers have identified a number of barriers to vaccination. But eliminate this barrier, and effectively increase the support rates of the multi-faceted program inoculation any inoculation, this program is a recent phenomenon, it was widely. Medical authorities are now considering a mandatory influenza vaccination for health care providers (Sullivan,

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519 Words | 3 Pages

People that are at the poverty line can’t afford to pay such high monthly premiums and as a result decline coverage as a choice. We also see the economic concept of self-interest within the article. Often times an imbalance in the health market is created when the younger generation who is usually health doesn’t feel the need to have health coverage. For young folks it is in their self-interest to pay out of pocket only a few times if needed rather than pay monthly premiums. In the end they’ll pay less than they would for having health insurance.

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An estimate of 1 in every six Texans live under the poverty level; for children, it is approximately one in five. These statistics indicate that there is a huge problem with the uninsured, the numbers are just too high. If the health assistance was extended the health of these uninsured would improve by 7 to 8

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Most important endorsements are constructed on the ethics that influenza is an important public health danger, that the influenza vaccine is harmless and effective, and that vaccination is presently the best effective device for preventing influenza contamination. Recommendation that all healthcare workers in the United States be immunized yearly against influenza is launching influenza immunization as a typical norm of care. Vaccinating healthcare workers has two possible benefits, protecting them from influenza for their own individual health, permitting them to work consequently reducing disorder of health care settings; and ultimately caring other healthcare workers and patients who they come in contact with may be at great risk. Vaccination

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According to Giger, this is largely due to their “communication difficulties, and lack of understanding that health insurance is needed” (Joyce Newman Giger R. E., 2008). Their view and satisfaction of healthcare, may be less prevalent than in the

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On the other hand, Bihr gains an audience related advantage of safety values when she addresses the topic of protecting children from harm; Bihr explains that administering vaccines helps protect children from illnesses like the influenza virus or rotavirus. Researchers Ferdinands et al. (2014) found that the “…influenza vaccination was associated with about a three-quarters reduction in risk of influenza-related critical illness in children… Our results highlight the value of increasing the use of influenza vaccines among children” (Ferdinands et al., 2014, p. 681); while Dr. Cave’s (2014) piece, Adolescent refusal of MMR inoculation: F (mother) v F (father), adds that “A global vaccination campaign has led to a 71 per cent drop in measles-related deaths between 2000 and 2011, making a huge impact on the death rate which was estimated at 2.6 million deaths per year in the 1980s” (Cave, 2014, p. 631).

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Influenza season is here again so it is time for everybody to add getting a flu shot to their “to-do” list. It is recommended for everyone to get flu shot from ages 6 months and older (McCarthy 1). It is the obligation of healthcare works and their employers to promote influenza vaccinations to patients and is an annual requirement for the workers as well (Lynkowski 1). Winter season is time for healthcare workers to get in line, roll up their sleeves and consent to treatment for a flu shot. For the hospital, their goal is to get all employees vaccinated, especially those who have direct contact with patients which brings up a number of ethical issues arising from the attempts to implement mandatory flu shots (Dubov 2530).

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Economics Research Assignment Introduction - Immunization rates in Australia are very high as they are perceived by the general public as immunity. Vaccinations protect children of all ages in a safe and effective manner against harmful diseases that can seriously affect our welfare. Despite there medical benefits however some parent choose not to proceed with the immunization of their child or children. As a result, the Australian government is changing their policy to better ensure the Australian public is protected from prevalent disease. This essay will evaluate and economically de-construct the affects of government interference of the current immunization payment method.

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Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is officially referred to as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was enacted into law on March 23, 2010. It is estimated that prior to the enactment of the ACA, 44% or 81 million people between the ages 19-64 were either uninsured or underinsured in the United States (Schoen, Doty, Robertson, & Collins, 2011). The populations most likely to be uninsured or underinsured are individuals with earning between 133-200 % below the established federal poverty guidelines (Schoen et al., 2011). Consequently, 80% of individuals with earning under $20,000-$39,999 were uninsured or underinsured (Schoen et al., 2011).

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Vaccination against influenza is the most important intervention used by public health to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and death among high risk populations. In order to create a program one must understand the target group. Therefore, the study would be conducted on the group of people who are particularly at high risk of getting the flu or those who are less likely to receive medical care. Questions would be asked to determine their greatest needs and what can be done to improve the health of the community. To understand the needs of these individuals, a discussion will take place with community and social service staff that work directly with the high risk populations.

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Therefore by vaccinating your child you will actually saving money in the long run. And on top of that, most insurance

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It can be quite prevailing for individuals to have financial problems towards health coverage. Based on the Health Affairs reference, “In the last decade, health insurance premiums costs have increased by 80%... whereas 58% of Americans report they are not able to seek medical attention due to high costs” (Gary Claxton, Matthew Rae, and Nirmita Panchal, et al). Statistics also present many factors exhibiting millions of individuals facing the risk of losing their insurance. Above all, health insurance is a basic health necessity. Medical services being available to everyone will benefit the public health not only with quality, but along with quantity.

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46.8 million Americans were reported as uninsured in 2013, which equivocates to one sixth of the population. Those without insurance have revealed that they risk “more problems getting care, are diagnosed at later disease stages, and get less therapeutic care” (National Health Care Disparities Report) and those insured risk losing their insurance. Inadequately covered citizens are often working-class individuals who simply cannot receive insurance due to uncontrollable inconveniences and therefore jeopardize having medical coverage. In these instances, Americans have a chance of being diagnosed with diseases that they had no opportunity to prevent or could not diagnose them at an early stage of the illness. Patients have suffered unnecessarily due to lack of health care, and “18,000 Americans die every year because they don't have health insurance” (PNHP).

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As a result, many hospitals fail to achieve a vaccination rate high enough to prevent the spread of the influenza virus. A recent article states that "only 42% of [health care workers] received the seasonal influenza vaccination during the 2005-06 influenza season" (Maroyka and Andrawis). Lower vaccination rates undoubtedly result in higher numbers of hospital-acquired influenza. In order for a hospital to reach an optimal rate of vaccination, yearly mandatory influenza vaccinations must be required, and the consequences for refusing the vaccine must be severe enough to motivate health care workers to receive

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Emerging influenza is a seasonal viral disease caused by influenza A virus (H1N1). It spreads rapidly and costs society a considerable amount in terms of health care expenses, reduction in productivity as well as loss of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak to be a pandemic because of growing worldwide cases [5]. It cost the society a huge amount in terms of morbidity and mortality and monetary cost as well with a typical flu pandemic. The existence of influenza virus among human population in many countries of the world including India has emphasized public health care organizations to take effective preventive measure.

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