Recommended: Genetic engineering in the field of medicine
And although, these privacy protections did not cover genetic information, 12 years later congress passed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) to fill the gap. (Stump) The National Institute of Health’s (NIH) now requires strict ethical standards including informed consent from all researchers seeking funding. These are steps in the right direction but just like anyone working in the medical field would tell you, there is still more to be done to ensure complete patient privacy and informed consent is the norm in every branch within the medical community. Whereas it took many years for the medical community to acknowledge the violations and origin of Henrietta’s cells it reassuring to see the progress that has been made to stamp out bad ethical behaviors.
Paper 2 A person who owns a small portion of someone's genes may be the deciding factor on whether a person's illness is further researched or put on hold. Should a person be given this much power over our very genes inside us whose research could save lives and cure diseases? A physician, Michael Crichton, who wrote “Patenting Life” and a economist, John Calfee, who wrote “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” both discuss this medicinal dilemma.
Later, while researchers decide the human genome to cure resolute maladies, for example, tumor, genuine moral situations are quick confronting humankind. Understanding the Catch 22 to this issue will empower us decide the possibilities of customized prescription. Through the improvement of exploration association, and the utilization of customized pharmacogenomics, "a
When the opportunity arises to learn more about her genetic lineage, Alice Collins Plebuch does not hesitate to gather more information about her family’s origins. Feeling as though the results could provide
Ethical Considerations in Genetics and Genomics Ethical duties of genetic testing is a challenge among healthcare workers. Ethical dilemmas are created due to situations resulting from genetic testing. Ethical dilemmas is created when genetic testing reveals vital information to a patient and the patient refuses to disclose information to family members that can be affected. Healthcare workers are to protect the privacy of patient’s health records according to the Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
The articles “Patenting Life” and “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” are both very interesting for, both deal with the outcomes of using gene patents. Although, the article “Patenting life” involves the cons of gene patenting, the article “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” demonstrates the pros of using this technique. These topics are seen from two different points of view; they are written by two different men. The author of “Patenting Life” is Michael Crichton, a author, critic, and film producer that earned his degree from Harvard Medical School. On the other hand, John E. Calfee the author of “Decoding the Use of Gene Patents” ,a resident scholar, staff economist and manager.
The issue of modification through gene manipulation becomes increasingly complex when considering how this technology can be used as a means to unethical and harmful uses. In the article, Babies with Genes From 3 people could be Ethical, Panel Says, Rob Stein exposes various concerns about three gene donors in an embryo, including how a scientist, “Could introduce some new disease into the human gene pool or that scientists could try to do this for other reasons-nonmedical reasons, like create designer babies where parents pick the traits of their children.” Stein goes on to explain how the gene replacement procedure would take place, which continues to usher in a plethora of concerns as whether to allow Crispr technology be tested on a embryo.
Proponents of ESA programs build their support on 1 basic principle, freedom of choice in educating their children, allowing them to provide flexibility and options for student learning. ESA programs provide many different kinds of choice for the students that are eligible. One of the biggest options for choice applies to families that are stuck in low performing school districts. When a student is accepted into an ESA program, they are no longer limited to that underperforming district and can instead seek out other options like private schools. This issue was the driving force behind Nevada’s ESA plan, which has been passed, but is not up and running yet because of legal challenges from the ACLU (Brown, 2015, Aug.).
Sharing of genetic risk information obtained from genetic tests greatly impacts both individual and family members bringing the bio-ethical dilemma to clinicians as well as patients. Disclosure of genetic risks has been regarded as an obligation or duty rather than a mere personal issue. This paper addresses the logical arguments over the right not to know about genetic risk, while focusing towards the responsibility to share such genetic risk information with others. This paper proposes that the rise of new molecular ethics resulting from advancements in genetics emphasizes that people have an ethical obligation to have the test, be aware of the risk and communicate that data to others. In order to identify the principal arguments for and
Gattaca shows many times that genetic testing can be beneficial and has completely taken over society but at the same time provides many hardships like discrimination against certain ranks of
Estonia, which is located in Eastern Europe, has 1.3 million people. Recently, the Estonian Government had considered that they will give free genetic testing to 100K Estonian citizens, but some people don’t know about the testing and its usefulness for health. In general, gene testing usually tests human’s DNA. However, testing a human’s gene has been disputed because it is a new medical technique. Some people support this new thing because they can know about the health of the whole family; other people oppose this new thing because it will affect their medical history and cost a lot of money.
Decoding the entire human genome within the past decade has led the industry to develop inexpensive gene sequencing. This discovery has enabled many individuals to access their own genetic information. It’s critical to learn and explore what’s in our genome in order optimize our healthcare and take action to avoid any potential deaths. Regardless, there are numerous ethical and personal choices to consider before disclosing genetic information. While learning about which genes are risky would help us make lifestyle changes, the cost of the risk determines how we prioritize our approaches in different scenarios.
Gene therapy’s promise to cure the incurable creates mass-support because of the medical appeal however this appeal neglects the ability of the scientific community to follow through. Gene therapy’s public release opposes the global movement for health equality and safety because of the physical inaccessibility, financial barriers, and unpredictable risks. Because gene therapy is only offered in few specific locations, it is inaccessible for a large majority of the world; equality based on physical boundaries has not yet been established for this new treatment. Katelin Peterson et al. in Personalized Medicine, Availability, and Group Disparity describe how gene therapy is more available to certain ethnicities, primarily Caucasian (211).
Editing of the human genome in the past has been only a sight seen in dystopia works such as Brave New World. Now, genetic enhancement is a prevalent today and people are beginning to realize the issues that can arise from creating these designer babies. Gene editing can be helpful to eradicate life changing disabilities. Yet, the term disability does not correctly label these differently abled people, as the idea of what is considered disabled has changed overtime. To fully understand the consequences and implications of genetic selection and enhancement of human embryos, society must mature and declare lines of what is and is not ethically moral.
There are ethical challenges as the technology develops, such as the autonomous machines may supersede humans and threaten human existence, and new DNA-based treatment might be the trigger of privacy problems. First, ethics is the philosophical study that deals with what is morally right and wrong in wide scale not only in the scientific field, but also in public, and ethical problems occur as the new technology emerges. Emerging technology includes new technologies and technologies that are starting to be used. For instance, fuel-cell vehicles, artificial intelligence the digital genome, and robots are the emerging technologies. (Al-Rodhan 2).
