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Mill's Utilitarianism: The Golden Rule

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The Golden Rule
Many philosophers have views on Ethics. The moral approaches of Kant, Mill, Aristotle, and Held are all vastly different. “Kant’s principle of morality is based on his belief that the means justifies the end” (O’Neil, Onora). Mill believes in Utilitarianism, believing that “one should act in a way that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people” (Mill, John, 118). Aristotle believed that moral virtue is the foundation of ethics. Held’s principle of care ethics is based on the belief that caring for others is the proper way to live your life. While the only similarities I can find among the four are that they all have theories of morality, their theories are vastly different. “ Kant views an action as right …show more content…

“Each person has a reason to consider not only his own interests but the interest of others in deciding what to do” (Nagel, Thomas, 70). For my orientation dilemma, I discussed having to make a decision whether to ditch work in order to hand in my homework on time. I had to consider how it would affect my co-workers having to carry an extra work load because I chose not to come in. In the end, I decided to go to work because I knew that I would not appreciate it if someone caused me extra work unless it was an …show more content…

The Golden rule is simplicity in itself. “…thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself”,. (English Standard Version Bible, Lev. 19.18) The Rule is usually associated with Christianity. Jesus Christ said, “A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; As I have loved you, that ye also love one another”(John 13.34).Although associated with many religions, the Golden Rule has also been adopted into political, social and economic globalization. “President John F. Kennedy in a 1963, appealed to the Golden Rule in an anti-segregation speech. He asked whites to consider what it would be like to be treated like second-class citizens because of their skin color. He said the heart of the question is …whether we are going to treat our fellow Americans as we want to be treated ”(John F. Kennedy

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“By assuming other people should be treated the way I want to be treated, it imposes my preferences and values on those around me”(Does The Golden). Essayist and writer for the New York Times Magazine, Chuck Klosterman, explains in his article Does The Golden Rule Hold Up in Modern Society why the “Golden Rule” may actually be not so golden after all. Klosterman explains why assuming that people want the same things and think that the same actions are moral is simply irrational. He states, “Well, I certainly want to be treated in a manner that accounts for the possibility that other people can’t predict what I want”(Does The Golden). I interpret this to mean that he wants to be treated as a unique person who has his own morals and values.

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The Golden Rule says to treat others the same way one would want to be treated. The Golden Rule can be achieved when equality and Civil Rights are being used between a group of people. An example is when a person is treated unfairly. Instead of attacking the other person they would try and solve it peacefully knowing that physical actions are unnecessary choices that will only make problems worse. The ideas of equality are neutral choices or actions set on two groups or more.

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John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States has expressed various issues during his Inaugural Address in 1961 and one of it was about civil rights in the states. When John F. Kennedy became president in 1961, African Americans throughout most of the South were denied voting rights, barred from public facilities, subjected to insults and violence, and couldn’t expect justice from the courts. In the North, they are faced by discrimination in education, employment, housing, and many other areas. Therefore, the Civil Rights Movement have made essential progress to bring justice. One of the impacts was, John F. Kennedy pressured the Federal Government Organizations to employ more African Americans in America’s equivalent of Britain’s

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John Fitzgerald Kennedy, another incredible man, affirmed in his inaugural address that he would do anything to insure “survival and success of liberty” for Americans and it cost him his life (jfklibrary). Beyond his wealth and power, Kennedy was always considerate of the common man. This essay will explain how both Martin Luther King Jr. and John F. Kennedy wanted to end segregation with faith and cooperation, but their ideas of achieving change were different; this essay will also connect their sacrifices, like going to jail or having the will to die, for the sake of the people.

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John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered his “Civil Rights Address” on June 11, 1963 to talk about how everyone is born equal and just because you are born with darker skin you shouldn’t be considered less of a person and have less rights. It was filmed in the oval office and broadcast on national radio and television. This speech is about equal rights for african americans. It was made because two black children had to be escorted to school by state troopers after numerous threats. John F. Kennedy used diction as well as logos and ethos to make listeners believe that his argument is right and they should take his side.

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"It is very hard to be virtuous, but very easy to become vicious"- Aristotle. Aristotle follows the same way of Socrates and Plato of that the virtues are the center of human well-being. ("Aristotle´s Ethics") He applied a careful and descriptive path to his inspection in the Nicomachean Ethics. (350BC) this theory was written for politicians as a guide to governance also was made to help society specially the kids, so they can grow in the path of ethics.

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When looking at the murderer at the door situation, utilitarianism offers a suitable guide for whether or not you should lie. Utilitarianism offers a way to think of the situation regarding the “Greatest Happiness Principle”, namely regarding the increase in happiness and reduction of pain (John Stuart Mill, 461). Utilitarianism also mentions nobleness in its guideline. There are concerns about the usefulness of utilitarianism in the situation. This most prominently includes which person you should increase the happiness of.

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“Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”. This idea had been around for a long time through many teachings of religion. The phrase has evolved from “ Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” to “treat others the way you want to be treated”. Although Kant believed that people should think logically rather than religiously, Kant believed that religion had a good foundation for societies. One of the ten commandment reads “thou shalt not steal”.

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There are different internal compasses that people utilize to point them towards the path of morality. The most common that probably still remains is The Golden Rule also referred to as the ethic of reciprocity. The Golden Rule stands for: “Treat others the way you want to be treated”. Some consider the Golden Rule to be the most universal of moral principles. Yet it does not always send a positive message.

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The divine command theory, utilitarianism, Kant’s duty defined morality, natural law theory, and Aristotle’s virtue ethics are the five types of ethical theories. The divine command theory states that what is morally right and wrong will be decided by God. Utilitarianism states that “Action “A” is morally right if and only if it produces the greatest amount of overall happiness. Kant’s duty defined morality states that what is important is acting for the sake of producing good consequences, no matter what the act is. Natural law theory states that people should focus on the good and avoid any evil.

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Ethics- Ethics is the branch of philosophy concerning principles of good conduct in human life. “Ethics is the branch of philosophy that theoretically, logically and rationally determines right from wrong, good from bad, moral from immoral and just from unjust actions, conducts and behaviour.” Some people define Ethics as ‘doing what you say you will do.’

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For Kant, his ethics are grounded on reason and pure reason alone. It is a matter of a priori vs a posteriori. A priori is knowing the truth of the judgement, regardless of empirical view. An example of a priori would be that a single

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John Stuart Mill, at the very beginning of chapter 2 entitled “what is utilitarianism”. starts off by explaining to the readers what utility is, Utility is defined as pleasure itself, and the absence of pain. This leads us to another name for utility which is the greatest happiness principle. Mill claims that “actions are right in proportions as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” “By Happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain, by happiness, pain and the privation of pleasure”.

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