Trevino's Four Component Model

issues because of ideological reasons or because methodological problems are considered difficult to surmount.

(D. 1) Four Component Model
Rest (1986) proposed a four-component model for individual ethical decision-making and behaviour, whereby a moral agent must (a) recognise the moral issue, (b) make a moral judgement, (c) resolve to place moral concerns ahead of other concerns (establish moral intent), and (d) act on the moral concerns. He argued that processes in all the stages are different and success in one stage is different from other stage. Much of the empirical research conducted in the context of this model has involved either Component 2, called moral development by Kolberg (1976) and Rest (1979, 1986), or the relationship between

Cognitive moral development is the critical element in the judgement phase in Rest's (1986) and Trevino's (1986) models. For Hunt and Vitell (1986) and Dubinsky and Loken (1989), moral evaluation (teleological and deontological) takes place. Ferrell and Gresham (1985) did not specify a process for this step. Rest (1986), Dubinsky and Loken (1989), and Hunt and Vitell (1986) explicitly included a step whereby the ethical decision-maker establishes moral intent before engaging in moral behaviour. Trevino (1986) and Ferrell and Gresham (1985) postulated a direct transition from the moral judgement phase to moral behaviour. Moderating variables include significant others (Dubinsky & Loken, 1989; Ferrell & Gresham, 1985), individual moderators (Ferrell & Gresham, 1985; Trevino, 1986), situational moderators (Trevino, 1986), and opportunity (Ferrell & Gresham,

The applied business provides a wide range of descriptive and prescriptive frameworks, utilising methods that range from anecdotal evidence to the examination of relationships among decision-makers and organisational variables, while the philosophical approach examines ethical behaviours using classical normative theories to explain ethical choices, namely those that fall within the teleological and deontological frameworks. In sum, research on ethical behaviour has given integrated approach which is strong theoretically and on empirical testing, fails in decision-making in businesses. The presently available models are insufficient for either of two