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Lev Vygotsky's Influence On Psychology

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Lev Vygotsky is known to be Mozart of Psychology. He was born in Orsha on November 17, 1896 and as he got older, he attended college at Moscow State University. The article What Was Lev Vygotsky 's Influence on Psychology? mentions that in 1917, Vygotsky had graduated with a degree in law an he also had studied a variety of topics while in university such as sociology, linguistics, psychology, and philosophy. Though, Vygotsky’s real work in psychology didn’t begin until 1924 when he had attended the Institute of Psychology in Moscow. Vygotsky was a creative writer and had published six books on psychology topics. His attentions were centered on matters of child development and education as well as, exploring psychology of art and language development. …show more content…

Through these interactions adults transmit their society’s values and skills to the next generation. Vygotsky explores the idea that the cultural development of a child is first social level then on the individual or personal level. Vygotsky also believed that complex mental processes begin as social activities through play language functions as crucial roles in promoting cognitive development. When children include the ways that adults talk and begin to interpret the world into their own ways of thinking rather than mirroring the world around them. Vygotsky talks about scaffolding, scaffolding is the role of the teacher in a learner’s development that provides and supports structures to get to the next stage or level. It is used only when needed, provides support and allows the learner to accomplish tasks that are nearly …show more content…

The four stages are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete and formal operations. According to the article Age Differences in Children, the sensorimotor stage starts at birth to two years, it is where the child builds a set of concepts about reality and how it works through physical interaction with their environment. Basically, the child does not know that physical items stay in its presence even though; the item is out of sight. The next stage is preoperational stage starts at age two to seven. In this stage the child is not able to think hypothetically and needs concrete physical situations. Which leads to the third stage is concrete operations starts at age seven to eleven. Where the physical involvement stores; the child starts to theorize which leads to creating a logical structure that explains the child’s physical capabilities such as problem solving. For instance, math equations, we use numbers in order to solve a math equation. The final stage is Formal Operations starts at the beginning age of eleven to fifteen. By this point, the child 's cognitive growth is like those of an adult and includes conceptual

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The last stage is the Formal Operational stage, which lasts from age eleven to adulthood. In this phase the child/adult has the increased ability to have idealistic, logical and abstract thoughts. Piaget also developed the idea of a schema. A schema is how people organize the information they gather into smaller

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Tehilla Silverberg                                                                                  Developmental Psychology Match 30, 2017                                                                                                                Project 1: Peppa Pig     Peppa Pig is a television show catered to young children ages 2-7 years old that helps children with language, cognitive, and emotional development. Peppa Pig features a young pig as the main character of the series. In the show we follow Peppa Pig and her family and friends on different experiences they encounter in each episode.   Each individual in Peppa’s life is a different animal with his or her last name matching the animal he or she is. For instance Peppa’s friend

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Failures of this development could result in feelings of incompetence and doubt. Initiative vs. guilt, the third stage takes place within three to five years of age, during which children gain a sense of purpose and balance playing with others. However, children may face guilt as a result of unsuccessful play attempts. The fourth stage, industry vs. inferiority, takes place among children of five to eleven years of age. During this development children develop competence and belief within themselves, gaining a sense of freedom and self-determination.

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Furthermore, a study by Kail and Bisanz, suggested the inability to conserve of pre-operational children is due to the task being set for a higher stage, meaning their attention is more likely to wander and they would answer without fully attempting (Rose & Blank, 1974). Lastly, Piaget found the ages of stages were averages. Meaning some children aged 3 and 4 could be in a stage lower or higher and vice versa for older

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“A strong sense of attachment, bonding, and belonging, and a feeling of being cared about characterize adolescents’ positive relationships with their teachers and their school (APA, 2002). Students are more willing to engage and give their best attempts when they have a reason to - they feel like they matter and they understand that what they are learning is relative to their lives. Math class has the opposite effect for Victoria. She recalled how from first grade her mathematical foundation was poorly established.

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This stage starts from three years old to five years old. In this stage children are starting to learn by exploring the world around them on their own terms. In this stage it is likely children will learn new concepts from attending school or through observation. Children then are expected to apply these lessons they learned in school or witness to real life scenarios. Children often are aware they can accomplish these tasks on their own, but know if they fail to do so and end up asking for assistance from others, they may feel a sense of guilt.

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Scaffolding, according to Abbott, who is the editor of The Glossary of Educational Reform, is a variety of techniques used to help a student or students to move on at the proper or excelled pace for stronger and deeper understanding and having greater independence of the learning process. In short scaffolding has been and continues to be a gigantic impact and wise move made in the school system and by teachers who truly care about their students go to infinity and beyond in their learning and education. Scaffolding is very closely related to Vygotsky’s ZPD which stands for Zone of Proximal Development Santrock (2011). The ZPD shows the range of ability, skills and other tasks that the child, children, or students can perform on their own without out an adult or a guide by the student’s side to help them Santrock (2011). In this case this is will be the classroom and the students and how well they can perform what is taught to them, if they can understand will little to no help and even tested what the classroom grades would look like.

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According to Vygotsky, the basis for learning lies within social interaction and communication. It is when a child is able to communicate, either verbally or non-verbally, that they understand the world around them through copying and internalizing new concepts. An example of this is what Vygotsky called cooperative or collaborative dialogue, when a “more knowledgeable other” assists the learner with a task. Although it sounds like a relatively basic idea, other psychologists at the time, notably Piaget, placed the source of learning within the person and not related to the people around them. As Orlando Lourenco illustrated in the article “Piaget and Vygotsky: Many resemblances, and a crucial difference,” the key difference between the two leading psychologists of the early twentieth century was the importance of the surroundings of the child.

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Conversely, Vygotsky disputed that the culture in which a person lives also plays a substantial part in cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that a child’s cognitive development was stimulated by the interaction of the child and its social environment (Vygotsky, 1987). Vygotsky also believed that children’s use of speech also influenced their cognitive abilities (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Vygotsky stated that language was the basis for cognitive development, including the ability to remember, solve problems, make decisions and formulate plans (Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010). Studies have shown that children who use speech when met with difficult tasks are more focussed and show better improvement in cognitive performance then those who are less talkative (Behrend et al., 1992).

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Also, this stage is based off a parental relationship with a child, however, if a child is a orphan then they would not be able to go through this stage. Yet, they can still can develop as a person who trusts others. In stage 4 industry vs. inferiority Erikson says a child questions if they can make it in the world. This is way to of a large question for a child. In addition, this stage revolves around school.

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The first stage is the sensory motor stage ( birth-2 yrs.) , in this stage child does not know the physical object in existence when out of stage. Second stage is called the preoperational stage (age2-7), no abstract conceptualisation is possible where it needs concrete physical situation. In the stage is concrete operational stage (age7-11), starts to conceptualize with experience that accumulates. The fourth stage is formal operation (11-15), cognitive structures resembles like adults and includes conceptual reasoning.

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Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages: the sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2; the preoperational stage, from age 2 to about age 7; the concrete operational stage, from age 7 to 11; and the formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood. He believed that there were four necessary ingredients for cognitive development which included: “maturation of the nervous system, experiences gained through interaction with physical world, social environment, and child’s active participation in adapting to environment & constructing knowledge from experience.” (Sullivan, 2014, Slide 3) The sensorimotor stage occurs between birth and age 2. Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and handling objects.

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Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist of the early Twentieth century. He was an intellectual contemporary of Piaget, however a meeting

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and it begins with the sensorimotor stage, a child from birth to the age of 2 years old learns and thinks by doing and figuring out how something works. The second stage is the preoperational stage and in this stage children from ages 2 through 7 years are developing their language and they do pretend play (Berk, 2005, p.20). Concrete operational is the third stage and children ages 7 to 11 years old lack abstract but have more logic than they did when they were younger. The last stage is formal

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Most of this theory is started by Lev Vygotsky, who was born in Russia in 1896, but unfortunately he died at early age of only thirty-eight. He graduated from University of Moscow, after graduation, he taught literature in secondary school, which experience intensified his interest in how children learn. Most of important parts of Vygotsky theory consist of Scaffolding, MKO (more knowledgeable others), ZPD (zone of proximal development) and Role of Language. Scaffolding means to learn with help and support of others, like parents, tutors, or even peers who know more. These helpful people are called MKO, more knowledgeable others.

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