Local Government in Pakistan
Subject: Either democracy or Autocracy is better for economic growth in Pakistan
Name: Abida Khanum
Registration no: 01171611008
Submitted to: Dr. Ume Laila
Dated: Nov10, 2017 Quaid-e-azam University, Islamabad.
Economic Growth by either Democracy or Autocracy
In terms of macroeconomic performance, the country has fared considerably better during military rule. Economic growth during military regimes averaged 6.1 per cent compared to four per cent during civilian regimes. Just to comprehend the quantum of this seemingly small difference, the flood of 2010 that affected two-thirds of the country’s districts, is estimated to have affected GDP growth by two percentage points. Although all three sectors of the economy — agriculture, industry and services — performed better during military regimes, the industrial sector has been the biggest beneficiary of the military muscle and has recorded twice as much growth compared to that achieved under civilian rule. Similarly, the current account balance has historically been healthier during military regimes.
The effect of the stronger macroeconomic performance during military regimes did, in fact, translate into something more meaningful for ordinary citizens. The average level of inflation during civilian rule has been almost double that under military rule. However, the percentage of population living below the poverty line did not differ significantly.
On the matter of resource generation
The art of war passed through a fundamental transformation, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries. Changes involved all aspects of warfare, strategy, operations, logistics and tactics. That period saw unprecedented economic, social, and political change. Therefore, the manner in which a given society wages war is the typical product of the whole societal, political, and economic system for that society. While the economic, societal and politic order that characterized the period between the religion wars and the French revolution had limited warfare; mass politics, nationalism and the industrial revolution which marked the era of the French revolution and the U.S. Civil War remade warfare from its strategic, operational, logistic
The author of Revolutionary Armies in the Modern Era began this book as an update of existing research on the topic of revolutionary armies. However, in researching for the piece he came across two problems that were nearly universal in works studying the revolutionary armies in the modern era. The first problem was that the comparative analysis utilized in most works ignored the human lives and flaws of the individuals. The second problem was that revolutions had to produce new ways of fighting and a new rugged type of soldier. In recognizing these two things Mackenzie changed the goal of his work.
During the 20th century numerous communist countries such as the Soviet Union experienced a periods of despondency because of their crumbling economies and citizen’s diminished quality of life. Meanwhile the capitalist countries, such as America, were in a time of great opportunity; this was due to a fairly stable economy, fueled by a successful exportation market. The standards of living increased along with developments in
Political revolutions recur throughout history when governments don’t meet the needs of their people. During revolutions, there is usually a violent phase. The Reign of Terror and the Dirty War were times of horror, terror, and government reforms. While both revolutions were times of terror and reform, and though there were similarities, there were still many differences. During both the Reign of Terror and the Dirty War, there were many citizen deaths, most for no reason, Yet both revolutions started for or with completely different goals.
Also, I exclude countries in the specific year which are considered as dictatorship based on DemocracyDictatorship(DD) Index.6 Since my hypothesis deals with first-term presidents only, I exclude
countries in which the president is under his or her second-term or
The army was strategically placed across the country and especially in areas of unrest to attempt to appease any future conflicts but also to protect economic and strategic interests (119). Most importantly, the army was used in the 1940s and 1950s to apply force and terror towards the population (116). Policing was embedded in the military to uphold public order and security (119). In 1959, soldiers were used in congruent to the police to disband a strike by the railway workers union (120). The 1950s had marked an effort by the government to develop civilian agencies to manage conflict, but the use of military intervention was still needed
Advantages and Disadvantage of the Military Draft
In 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Selective Service and Training Act requiring all male citizens aged 26 to 35 to register for the military draft. The conscription ended in 1973, and since then The United States has had an all-volunteer armed forces. However, some Americans have been suggesting to reinstitute the military draft and this has been gaining more attention lately. Reactions to this idea have been both positive and negative, as citizens weigh the pros and cons of bringing back the conscript system.
It can draw and execute development policy without the objection from the citizens and policy can be more public interest oriented. Although some scholar viewed that authoritarian regime will over-intervene the economy and open market economy cannot be practised. In fact, suitable government intervention is necessary to economy, especially in the early stage of economic development. Besides, some may also think that authoritarian regime lack monitor from citizens that may cause corruption this worsen economic development. As mentioned in the essay, most authoritarian regime have strong mechanism and penalty in monitoring the discipline and corruption that will not cause bad impacts in economic
in- hand with the idea of foreign aid keeping warlords in power; if the only way for aid to get to the citizens of a country is through it being given to the rulers, warlords will stay in
INTRODUCTION
An economic system is defined by the various processes of organizing and motivating labour, producing, distributing, and circulating of the resultant of human labour, such as merchandise and services, consumer durables , machines, tools, and other technology used as intake for hereafter production, and the infrastructure within and through which production, apportionment , and circulation occurs. These arrangements are intended by the political, cultural, and environmental conditions which they co-exist together (Gemma; 2014).
In a command economic system or planned economy, the federal government controls the economy by deciding how the state would use and distribute resources. The government also regulates prices and wages
The demand on labor from companies and factories was increased as increasing business. World Bank showed, ‘The GDP growth rate jumped to 11.1 percent from 1994 to 2000(World Bank, 2004:13).’ With the increased GDP, the Vietnamese solved the problems of food and clothing. The Vietnamese economy achieved its highest economic freedom score ever in the 2015 Index (The Heritage Foundation, 2015). However, there
INTRODUCTION
Geo Politics is defined as the impact created by a country on other neighbouring countries due to its Geopolitical position. This impact also affects the politics of the region as a whole. Pakistan is at a location which is of great importance in political ,strategic and economic sectors. It has been centre of activities of great powers since the start and has witnessed intervention of three great powers i.e Britain, USSR, and USA.
Pakistan is located in Southern Asia and shares border with four countries which include India, Afghanistan, China and Iran all of which are of great importance in the international politics and play a major role in it.
Rapid increase in unemployment, under employment and poverty (about 60% of the youth aged 14-25 years) amounting into 3 million jobless people entering the labour market annually.
3. Social instability (ethnic nationalist and religious friction)
4. Hyper inflation covers 50% between (1985 – 1995)
5. Unstable exchange and interest rates
6.
