ipl-logo

Lone Pairs Lab Report

444 Words2 Pages

Lone Pairs ADI

Lone pairs, the electrons that the central atom does not share during a covalent bond, can and will affect the shape of a molecule in various ways. During this lab, the goal was to answer the guiding question of, “How does the number of lone pairs affect the shape of the molecule?” Answering this question served to cement in those participating in the lab an understanding of the affect a central atom’s number of lone pairs will have on the shape of the molecule, and be able to identify a pattern of molecular shapes and their central atom’s lone pairs. We conducted this lab by first experimenting with 3-D molecular structures on a website, becoming familiar with the geometry of molecules and what exactly lone pairs were. Following …show more content…

We found this to be true due to the fact that lone pairs move to where there is the most space available. Water, for example has two lone pairs. As seen in the first diagram, the two lone pairs are depicted on the central atom oxygen, although not in their ultimate position. In the second diagram, we see where the lone pairs will ultimately end up, occupying the most possible space due to their repulsion of each other atop the central atom. This can also be seen with a molecule containing three atoms and one lone pair, such as Sulfur dioxide. In conclusion, this lab used modules and information to guide the participant to a conjecture about lone pairs and their effect on molecular geometry. Virtual and physical molecules helped develop a secure visualization of molecule’s shapes, as well as the role of lone pairs in that process. This in turn helped us collect data, hypothesize, and eventually come up with a claim. More importantly, the lab helped build an understanding of lone

Show More
Related
506 Words | 3 Pages

Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.

Read More
788 Words | 4 Pages

The design relied on two Schmitt triggers to generate the two different tones while using the transistors to act as a switch. This causes it to trigger continuously between two unstable states, allowing automatic switching between two frequencies producing two different tones. The RC values between the two Schmitt triggers will differ. Capacitors charge and discharge faster when it’s resistance is smaller.

Read More
695 Words | 3 Pages

From the data obtained in Tables 1-3, we were able to plot multiple graphs using excel. These graphs give a better representation of the data as seen in Figures 1-9. It can be seen that each figure shows a slight increase in CO2 production, which signifies a possible change in metabolic rate. Figures 4 and 7 show a relatively large change between the control and fox urine. The changes in slope between theses two are 0.0267 for Figure 4’s slopes and 0.0192 for Figure 7’s slopes.

Read More
407 Words | 2 Pages

• Write down the highlighted numbers. Do you observe a pattern? • Does the pattern grow? What is the reason for this? • Write down the last number (say 53).

Read More
575 Words | 3 Pages

Question # 1: Part A How many electrons and protons in an atom of vanadium? Answer # 1: Atomic number = number of protons = 23 Mass number = number of protons + neutrons Mass number = 51 g/mole Number of neutrons = 51-23 Number of Neutrons = 28 Number of electrons = atomic number = 23 Question

Read More
728 Words | 3 Pages

The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

Read More
1009 Words | 5 Pages

In this three-week long experiment conducted in the Bio 13 Lab, we were able to analyze a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in our own genomic DNA and then determine our genotype at this specific SNP. In week one, we extracted genomic DNA from our cheek cells with swabs and prepared our DNA for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) that would amplify the region with the intended SNP of interest. After one week and after the PCR was run outside of the lab section, the resulting PCR product was purified and treated with restriction enzyme Ahdl in order to prepare for the final analysis of our genotypes. In the third and final week of the project, we analyzed our PCR products by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. By the conclusion of the experiment, we had completed the analysis at the SNP of interest and determined our genotypes for this SNP.

Read More
667 Words | 3 Pages

Matter is made up of atoms; atoms are made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons. 3. The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves. 4. The motions for: • Solid- are not able to move out of their positions relative to one another, but do have small vibrational movements.

Read More
907 Words | 4 Pages

The article written by Brian Rohrig titled, NASCAR: Chemistry on the Fast Track, released in the February 2007 issue of ChemMatters, tackles the interesting challenge of relating racing to chemistry. Throughout the article, Brian uses the technology and equipment utilized in the sport to draw connections between the general field of chemistry and NASCAR, a famous North American racing series, whilst explaining the general rules and regulations unique to the NASCAR series. Many individuals today seem to forget that science is not only found in a textbook, research paper, or lab. Science is present in our world everywhere, whether it is racing, gaming, or simply breathing. Chemistry can also be found in every single interaction in the universe,

Read More
375 Words | 2 Pages

Atoms DBQ Atoms make up every object , substance, and material we know of(O.I). An atom is the smallest particle an element can be divided into. An atom has a complex structure, and the knowledge we have of it has changed many times throughout history. This tiny maze of parts has helped us learn important ideas about the structure and study of microscopic particles(O.I).

Read More
81 Words | 1 Pages

Dipole-Dipole Interactions:When partial positive and partial negative charges come together. 3. Hydrogen Bonding: The strongest Dipole-Dipole interaction that happens between hydrogen and oxygen, fluorine, … 4. Van der Waals of London Forces: When polar covalent molecules move around randomly and form a temporary

Read More
889 Words | 4 Pages

The water molecule is H2o is known to be nonlinear with a 104.5o. with its H and O water can act as a donor and acceptor to the hydrogen bond. This allows the water to be in a tetrahedral symmetry is required to form between water molecules the linear hydrogen bonds that are one of the water features. The ability of being a donor and acceptor for the hydrogen bonds is illustrated in the hexagonal ice crystal water structure where the oxygen atoms of the surrounding neighbor molecule occupy the vertices of the tetrahedral structure if we consider a fixed water molecule located in the center of the symmetry. The hydrogen atoms of a molecule, however, are located asymmetrically along the line of the oxygen of the same molecule to the oxygen of neighboring molecule.

Read More
861 Words | 4 Pages

Most individuals are familiar with the double helix structure of DNA and the scientists who supposedly discovered it, Watson and Crick. However, this is not the full story. Franklin had expertise that would prove instrumental in developing this model. She used a technique called X-ray diffraction to create an image of the molecule by “[producing] a pattern on a photographic plate. Dr. Franklin then performed mathematical computations to analyze the pattern in an attempt to reveal its structure.”

Read More
1765 Words | 8 Pages

In conformations of non-cyclic alkanes, names are given to two distinct conformations, eclipsed conformation and staggered conformation. C-H bonds on each carbon fully overlap with one another at minimum distance, highest energy structure is

Read More
282 Words | 2 Pages

The Double Helix – Part Two 1. Chargaff’s base pairing testing was significant to the double-helical shape discovery. In the beginning, Watson did not buy into Chargaff’s findings, but when he finally thought to test the findings on the double-helix model, he was able to find that they perfectly fit in and created a perfect shape, removing all doubt about how the bases should be aligned. 2. Everything in the double-helical model matched up with scientific evidence.

Read More

More about Lone Pairs Lab Report

Related Topics

Open Document