MRSA Meningitis

III. Daptomycin, Linezolid and Rifampin Combination Therapy for MRSA Meningitis and Bacteremia

MRSA Meningitis is an uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis accounting for about 10% of all cases. Recently, there has been an increase in that number, which is worrying since MRSA Meningitis is related to high mortality, rates (Kelesidis et al, 2011). Combining the daptomycin, rifampin, and linezolid has also been identified as an effective way of treating and preventing the MRSA meningitis and bacteremia in most patients (Chambers, 2001). This treatment was found effective especially for patients that are allergic to the Vancomycin. The use of this daptomycin, rifampin, and linezolid therapy has been found to be successful in most cases since

Infection can occur either from hematogenous seeding of the pathogen from another site in the body or from direct inoculation via traumatic or surgical wound. Acute infection may last for several days or weeks and may require antibiotics, when causative organism persists for more than 10 days and bone destruction is involved, the infection is considered as chronic osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus aureus is the single leading cause of both acute and chronic osteomyelitis in children and adults. Other organisms such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp and Mycobacterium tuberculosis may also cause osteomyelitis but S. aureus is most prevalent bacteria found due to virulence factors that help it evade a number of the host

The following research was used to predict the antimicrobial effect of Epi-1 in MRSA skin infections in mice. One centimeter of the skin of the ventral region of mice was removed and a lethal dose of MRSA in presence or absence of methicillin, vancomycin or Epi-1. The untreated as well as the methicillin treated mice died in about four days while the one treated with Epi-1 survived. Epi-1 had the following effects: reduced the MRSA count, closure of the wound and increased angiogenesis at the wound area. It also reduced serum level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, and MCP-1 as well as regulated the recruitment of monocytes and clearance of lymphocytes around the wounded region during healing. Therefore, Epi- may be used in healing of MRSA infected skin wounds wile in combination with collagen.Epi-1 is a potentially complementary treatment for antibiotics. The use of Antimicrobial peptides such as Epi-1 cannot lead to resistance since they have no direct effect on the pathogen. AMP-EPI-1 was first identified in fish species in group Epinephelus coioides. The protein would be best for treatment of high-risk infections as well as accelerate wound healing in combination with Collagen (Huang,