1. Introduction
Hong Kong enjoys a fame as the Pearl of Orient for its spectacular night scene, which is glittered with umpteen neon lights. Though manifesting the economic prosperity, the excessive illumination has aroused an implicit environmental problem: the light pollution. A recent survey by Chun Shing Jason Pun and Chu Wing So (2012) reveals that the average night-sky brightness of Hong Kong is 160 times brighter than a pristine sky, while in Tsim Sha Tsui this number staggeringly rises to about 1200, ranking the worst on the planet. This serious situation arouses considerable impacts on human health and the astronomy together with the disturbance to the ecology. Despite the severity of this issue, the Hong Kong government has made few efficacious countermeasures to alleviate the worrisome pollution.
This essay is to first disclose the main causes and negative effects of the light pollution and then review the current policies against this problem. Finally, three seemingly effective suggestions to both the government and the society will be proposed.
2. Main causes of the light pollution in Hong Kong
The main contributory factors of the light pollution are the excessive and improper illumination patterns. To begin with, the unlimited lighting time seems to be a significant cause. Chan Yu Ling (2014) states that his field observations discovered a substantial proportion of shops leaving their advertising light on after business hours, which seems to generally occur in
1. lighting remain consistent, gives a great deal of light, and can be controlled and adjusted and continuous light has several drawbacks the lights heat up and another is that the lights aren´t balanced with the daylight it needs to adjusted to the white balance to correct the colors.
2. How can the time of day affect an outdoor photograph? The time of the day affects outdoor photography because the weather may interfere with the type of photograph you want to capture.
“The Filth They Breathe in China,” by Michael Auslin reflects on what is happening to the air and water in China. This article describes the air pollution and why it is happening. It tells us what this is doing to our health and what scientist are saying. China 's air pollution has had great deal of problems and that the united states should step in to help generate better lives.
FLAASH removes aerosol from satellite image and corrects it for adjacency effect, however it does not remove the contribution of skylight, white-caps, and sun-glint. Therefore, AERONET based total radiance (Lt) was used to compare with satellite based surface radiance (Lu) rather than water-leaving radiance (Lw). Satellite derived surface reflectance (ρ) were converted to Lu using the following equation,
Surface reflectance (ρ)= (L_u× F_0× Cos (θ))/(π × d^2 ) (3)
Where Lu = surface radiance (mWcm-2µm-1sr-1), F0 = Extraterrestrial solar irradiance (mWcm-2µm-1sr-1), θ is solar zenith angle, d is correction factor for Earth-Sun distance.
2.3.4 Statistical analysis
The lighting in Donnie Darko movie is a key component of composition which creates our sense of illuminating for people and things. This movie uses two sources of lighting; natural light, such as daylight, when the scene is in an outdoor area for example, walking from school, at home, waiting at bus stop, or playing outside of the school on sunny days. Another source of light is artificial spotlight which is used in the movie indoors to cut and shape the light at the dining table, in the classroom or in the psychotherapist's house. Also, distinct shadows are used as an essentially smooth surface that reflects hard light in the Halloween party to feature deep shadows and scary areas in function of the plot. Three-points of lighting create ominous shadows in the horror genre for all the actors at Donnie and Elizabeth's Halloween party with lighting from below the cast to create monstrous objects in real life.
After that, the city began to deteriorate gradually under the weight of its political-bred issues. For instance, the failure to address the increasing tax rate increased the financial burden of the residents (Guerrieri, Hartley and Hurst 122). Even with high taxes, the city did not provide expected services. As of now, over 40% of all lights on the streets are not working properly. That same decadence is observable in the police response approach that takes an average of 58 minutes (Beyer par.3).
Humanities Effect
Although many may question the place humans and animals place on earth, the effect of who is on the top, is difficult to explain. There were two specific essays that put thought into words, about humanity and animals. The themes were about how humans have affected and dealt with nature, they gave a quick glance of the author’s position on the subject. One author made small claims about lighting pollution, while the other emphasizes the idea about humans and nature having a difficult time getting along.
When lighting an exterior scene with a wide shot, not much could be done to balance levels. But when the director goes for a close-up or a medium shot, he uses diffusion or bouncing light to hide the hard quality of light from the sun. Diffusion and bounced light is in the movies since the late 1910’s and early 1920’s. Keeping the exposure of the actor’s face allows the audience to believe what is going on. The limitation of power on the non-studio shots makes lighting fixtures difficult to power.
The street lights used to illuminate the streets and sidewalks are another example of light pollution. They may light the streets, but there's no cover for the lights so the light shines upward where it’s unneeded. This a large problem in not only major cities, but in small towns as well. In my small town of Sebewaing we use similar streetlights that don’t have the top covers on them. The solution to this problem is another simple one, and that is to just put covers over top of the lamps so that the light is directed downward and avoids shining in the sky.
DST just complicates these further, forcing companies to compensate using various means and costing the economy even more money. The best way to combat this would be to get rid of DST forever. Since the biggest problems with DST revolve around the shifts in time, an elimination of that time shift also eliminates those problems. Running permanently on DST is a bad idea, because wintertime activities can be heavily impacted by the lack of sunlight during the morning. Not only that, but waking up when it is dark outside is detrimental to your health, as the body adjusts melatonin (the hormone that makes people sleepy) levels according to the light level outside.
What if you couldn’t afford to have any lights. The price of electricity is going up. “The Navajo coal plant’s lease is set to expire in 2019, pending complex negotiations aimed at extending operations until 2044. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations have complicated the plant’s future through so-called Regional Haze regulations, which were crafted to improve visibility and not curb pollution. In essence, the Navajo Nation and the region could lose a key source of economic prosperity to slightly improve tourists’ view of the Grand Canyon.”
Air quality is known to be a key factor in affecting the wellbeing and quality of life of the general populous and there is a large body of knowledge indicating that certain underrepresented groups may be overexposed to air pollution. (Zou et al. 2014). This is an example of the air quality in locations with a lower known location that is associated with poor air
Government should be more strict to protect the environment in China. Government should be more alert for the air pollution, and be more attention for their people
These have a great effect on people’s work as there are many cars in the big cities so it makes it difficult to reach work at time. Actually the traffic jam wastes precious time of people just sitting in the car waiting for time to pass and for the cars to even move. Traffic jam makes it even difficult for people to walk and for some people who have sidewalk-to-sidewalk travel. Too many cars in a big city just makes it difficult for people to walk on a pavement and just get annoyed by the sound of the cars which is also noise pollution.
It is somehow hard for us to discover the beauty of nature in Hong Kong, the hustle and bustle city. Only when we put the work or stress away temporarily, can we truly feel how beautiful the place we are living is. As a pessimistic person, I often get stressed easily. Usually I would put myself in a quiet place, away from the crowds and the hardship I am facing. Tai Po Waterfront Park is the place that cheers me up.
