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Martin Luther Reformation Research Paper

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The transformation period in Europe consisted of innovation, controversy, and several influential leaders that would change society forever. This time of change was about revolution, natural rights, economy, discoveries, and new ideas, but most of all it was about change. The renaissance was a rebirth of culture, belief, art, and ideas. The key idea was that humans have value and worth, allowing people to seek fulfillment and see humans with their natural beauty. The reformation was a time of establishing and changing the church’s power, authority, and control. The scientific revolution was a period of realization in sciences. Ideas were challenged and discoveries were made, showing that the church’s beliefs were not the end all be all. The …show more content…

During his time, the church held all power and nobody dared to speak up against the church’s ways. Martin Luther was the first to revolt, speaking out against many of the church’s ideas and main principles. After speaking out against the church, Luther was excommunicated, meaning he was no longer allowed to be a member of the church. Nonetheless, Martin Luther continued to pushed for people to view the church with new ideas, that they could go against the church instead of inconsiderately following the beliefs of the church. After being excommunicated, Luther created his own denomination called Lutheranism, a protestant church that initiated the beginning of The Reformation. This proves that Martin Luther was the most influential leader of his time because he was willing to speak out against the church, showing others that they could do the same, and created a completely new …show more content…

During Montesquieu’s childhood, he attended a catholic school, continuing into a career as a lawyer. As well as being a lawyer, Montesquieu was critical, insightful, and humorous, causing him to be admired in the Enlightenment salons of Paris. Montesquieu also published a very influential book, The Spirit of the Laws, describing what he believed the government should be formed. In the book, he described a “separation of powers”, separating the government into three branches titled executive, judicial, and legislative. Each of the branches had to “check” one another, limiting the power of the other branches. This was called “checks and balances” and when the government did not have these systems to keep the governmental powers equal, Montesquieu warned that they would lose liberty. Montesquieu’s thoughts on government made a huge impact on the men who wrote the U.S. constitution. These writers made the “separation of powers” and “checks and balances” systems a very key part in the American government systems. This shows that he has the biggest impact on today because his ideas play a key part in the American systems of

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The Protestant Reformation was a cultural and political change that splintered the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice. The person that had the most responsibility for this rebellion is Martin Luther. People agreed with his beliefs against the catholic church and they followed him. The Protestant Reformation affected people a lot by either unifying them or dividing them.

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Starting in 1517, there was a schism between people and their minds. These people fought for what they believed no matter how similar or how different, however, the battles fought between the factions were justified by any means necessary. The battles took great tolls on both sides, over fifty million people were killed. This discrepancy in belief was called the Protestant Reformation, started by Martin Luther. The main two factions of the Reformation were the Protestants and the Papacy; the Papacy having the backing of Spain and all of the corrupt rulers that wanted power and Martin Luther and his Protestants having the backing of princes and rulers looking for opportunity in political and financial front, though some of Luther’s backers did

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Montesquieu’s ideas clashed with Locke’s, as Montesquieu believed that never changing laws would reduce the problems of society. He also observed many governing societies and concluded that there are three types of governments: a monarchy, ruled by a king or queen, a republic, ruled by an elected leader, and a despotism, ruled by a dictator. He strongly believed a republic government, a government that allows the citizens to vote for the leader, would be the best for having a stable country, and he also favored the separation of powers, just as Locke had. Montesquieu took inspiration from England’s government at the time for this idea, as they had separation between king, parliament, and court, which the United States adapted with their three branches of government. Despite Montesquieu’s governmental beliefs, he opposed the idea that all men are equal, unlike John Locke.

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During the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the countries of Europe began to develop a rift. This was caused by a movement known as the Reformation. The Reformation was jump-started by the posting of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. Luther urged for the reform of the Catholic Church and its ideas. The proponents of his reform convinced many of the common people to reconsider the foundations of their religious beliefs, as well as the structures of their communities.

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The Reformation is an era that is widely acknowledged as a major turning point marked by substantial change politically and religiously in Western Europe and the world. This change is primarily due to the influence of Martin Luther, a man who played a pivotal role through his writings. There were many reasons for the push for the Reformation, but the main causes were political and religious. The Church was a powerhouse because the clergy comprised the majority of those who could read, the majority of Europe and most of the world believed in Christianity, and the Pope was a figurehead who had the power of excommunication. Eventually, this power would start to afflict the Church, on the outside, the Church preached its teaching, thought to be

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Therefore, he called for all three types of Government functions should be performed by distinct persons within the spheres of powers assigned to them. Montesquieu’s “Separation” took the form, not of impassable barriers and unalterable frontiers, but of mutual restraints, or of what afterwards came to be known as “checks and balances”. The three organs much act in concert, not that their respective functions should not ever touch one another. If this limitation is respected and preserved, “it is impossible for that situation to arise which Locke and Monstequieu regarded as the eclipse of liberty-the monopoly, or disproportionate accumulation of power in one sphere.”

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Luther was charged with heresy, denying the beliefs of the church. He then fled into hiding and he hid in a castle owned by one of his friends. If he had not fled he would of faced inquisition which is a court that tries heresy. In the 1500's John Calvin, a reformer had established a powerful reformed group. Here he set up a theocracy or a church run state.

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So he thought they should only focus in one power. Montesquieu disagree with religious intolerance. Montesquieu believe that the best way to protect liberty is the three branches of government. The three branches of government are legislative, executive and judicial. Legislative

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Luther is now one of the most influential figures in Western history. Luther's 95 theses messed up the Catholic Church and the made a Protest a Reformation. His main teachings was to tell everybody that the Bible is the main source to religious authority and that salvation is reached through faith not through deeds. Luther was critical to the Catholic Church so he stayed away from the radical successors who took his mantle. Luthe is known as a a person who does not mind to disagree with anyone or anything.

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These two excerpts showed their belief in the importance of an equal government. Montesquieu also writes, “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty.” There would be no checks. The leader would be able to make the laws, and govern the state, which would turn a monarchy (which was what they were trying to get away from). Likewise, Montesquieu believed that the judiciary must be separate from the other two branches for the same potential reason

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Baron de Montesquieu argued that separation of powers is ideal in a government. That is used today in the United States government. Separation of powers is ideal so that one person doesn’t get all of the power in the government. The way that the United States uses separation of powers is through checks and balances. Checks and balances is used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch, the Executive Branch can veto bills from the Legislative Branch, but the Legislative Branch can overrule the veto.

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Montesquieu's ideas is represented by what we now know as checks and balances. Not only did John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu influenced- the United States Constitution, but Voltaire did as well. Voltaire had a concept of separating religion from government.

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Montesquieu was a french philosopher who believed that the best way to preserve liberty was to separate power within government. He believed that government should be separated into three different branches; Legislative, executive, and judicial (Aguilera, “Enlightened Thinkers Lecture”). This systems of checks and balances is similar to the system within the united states. Montesquieu was firmly against any one small group having too much power. Toussaint’s decision completely went against these ideals which showcases how he was not thinking in enlightened terms when decided the governing fate of

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The Reformation was the greatest religious movement for Christ since the early church, making it a revival of Biblical and New Testament theology. Officially beginning, the Reformation, in 1517 when Martin Luther challenged the Roman Church on the matter of indulgences, while Luther had no idea of the impact this would make on the German society and the world, completely changing the course of history. Thus, with this large uproar, caused the many effects brought upon towards the reformation. With this large conflict slowing coming into play, the Catholic church began to become much more hostile.

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Martin Luther, who believed that “[t]he true treasure of the church [was] the most holy gospel of the glory and grace of God,” (Luther) was one of the crucial reformers, who commenced the split from the Catholic Church. In 1521 Cardinal Girolamo Aleandro created the Edict of Worms which would prohibit the reading or the keeping of Luther’s writings (Lutheranism 1). This caused Luther and his followers to separate from the Catholic Church and create the Lutheran religion. The Lutheran Church is considered a branch off of the Catholic Church.

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