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The significance of attachment on children’s development
Importance of attachment in child development
Attachment theory with infant and toddlers summary
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Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson Mary Rowlandson, in the Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, attempts to simulate her time spent captive by the Indians and explains in detail the events she witnessed. Mary was forced out of her normal Christian community in Lancaster on February 10th 1675 and was held captive for eleven weeks. Throughout the eleven weeks Mary experiences signs of depression, suicide, loneliness, starvation, anger, and even showing signs of losing her strong faith in GOD but in the end manages to overcome adversity by realizing the Indians were not as bad as they initially seemed. After a week of being captured Mary’s youngest daughter died in her arms due
Physically in Bondage, Free in Christ In times of contentment and peace, it is easy to say that one will always trust in the Lord no matter what may come. Despite this eager and somewhat overconfident approach to faith, many Christians often are found questioning the Lord when actual trial and tribulation come their way. In A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson by Mary Rowlandson, she shows readers that even through all she faced during her eleven weeks of captivity, her faith remained unwavering. Mary Rowlandson is the colonial image bearer of what it means to trust in the undeserved mercy that God shows his children, as well as in his nature regardless of your circumstance.
Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a text that describes the experiences of Mary Rowlandson during her captivity by the Native Americans in the King Phillips war. The details about the capture which took place in 1676 are recorded in her diary accounts which were written a few years after she was released. The captivity lasted about eleven weeks and is accounted in the diaries. Rowlandson specifically believes that her experiences were related to the Bible and that the capture was a trial from God which she had to endure in order to survive and remain a true Christian woman who is suitable for the then puritan society (Harris 12).
Throughout the field of psychology we have learned the results of each psychological experiment and their results, which played an important role in the field. One significant study that changed our perspective about attachment was the Harlow’s Monkeys Experiment (1958) where Harlow wanted to study the mechanism between the newborn monkeys and their mothers, who they would be, analyze of how their bond is created. According to McLeod (2015) from the simply psychology website, the author says, “The behavioral theory of attachment would suggest that an infant would form an attachment with a carer that provides food. In contrast Harlow’s explanation was that attachment develops as a result of the mother providing “tactile comfort”, suggesting
Sometimes the punches that life throws are subtle enough to reveal the reprehensible truth and how one can transmute it. Yet, when those punches unexpectedly knocks an individual out, the interpretation of the lesson changes. Indisputably, Mary Rowlandson came across a life changing tribulation after being held captive by the Narragansett Indians in 1682 after a series of raids in Lancaster. With the attack on her home, her captivity, and tragic loss of her child, Rowlandson began to appreciate her life and the one she once dearly possessed. Waking up to the startling realization that the life you have built has been stripped away within a matter of minutes is quite astonishing.
(Carpenter and Huffman, 2013 p.278) In her studies of infants, she placed the mother in a room with the child (securely attached), then introduced a stranger to the child(anxious/ambivalent), then the mother would leave the room leaving the stranger with the child(anxious/avoidant), then mother would return (disorganized/disoriented attachment). Observations of the child's reactions towards the mother and stranger in each of these segments were analyzed. From this, Ainsworth was able to conclude the bonding the child had toward their mother. The more attached the child, the more they responded to the mother coming and going, either by clinging, crying or following.
In Clip B the first time the mother leaves the child wonders where her mother went and goes to her mother when she returns. The second time the mother leaves Lindsey begins to cry and when the mother returns Lindsay goes to her mother and stops crying which shows secure attachment. Lindsey 's mother appears to be enthusiastic when playing with her child and consoles the child upon the second return. The book describes secure attachment as the child wants to be with the mother when the mother returns and may or may not cry when the mother leaves.
Babies are born with an innate ability to learn and their brain to develop after birth. The neural pathways of a human’s brain are built based on their early experience in the world. A baby’s world is based on how they are treated by people in it therefore if the environment is scary then the baby will be reluctant to explore, as demonstrated n Bowlby’s and Ainsworth’s attachment theory. The brain and body become wired enough to understand what is safe and what should be feared. The birth to 3 years of a child’s life is a critical period for the brain during child development and any deprivation during this will result in persistent deficits in cognitive, emotional and even physical health.
With research, it has become apparent that there is a correspondence between mothers and children on the basis that attachment. Attachment depends on the reaction from mothers to her child’s emotional cues. (Feldman, 2012, Chapter
Theories (Erikson & Attachment) According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, trust vs. mistrust, occurs in the first year of life. Erikson believed that the caregiver’s response to the infant’s cries help them develop a sense of trust, when the caregiver responds right away to the infant’s distress of crying or fussing (Mooney, 2000). Erikson believed that in the earliest years of life, mainly during infancy, patterns of trust or mistrust are formed that control, or at least influence, a person’s actions or interactions for the rest of life (Erikson, 1950). Bowlby hypothesized that children are born with a predisposition to be attached to caregivers and that children will organize their behavior and thinking in order to maintain those relationships (Bettmann, 2006).
This test observed patterns in the infants’ experiences of separation and reunion with their mother, and their reaction to a stranger, in order to evaluate the type of attachment relationship the infant shared with their mother (Ainsworth, 1978). Ainsworth found a significant consistency between the mothers’ interactive styles and the reactions of the infants. The results of this test led Ainsworth to classify the behaviours into three main categories. She identified the infants to have secure attachment, or one of two forms of insecure attachment, avoidant or ambivalent (Music,
The babies were visited monthly and the carers were also observed and interviewed. A diary was also kept by the primary care giver (usually the mother) three measure were recorded. The first was stranger anxiety – the response to the arrival of a stranger, the second was separation anxiety – the distress levels when separated from the career and the degree of comfort upon their return and finally social referencing – the degree that the child looks at the carer to check how they should respond to something new (this is referred to as secure base). They discovered that a baby’s attachment follows in this sequence. • 0-6 weeks – Asocial –
A human baby is born with poorly developed sight and is unable to move. As a consequence to this he is vulnerable and is completely dependent on a carer for survival (Winston, 2003). To improve the chances of survival, the baby is born with pre-programmed and automatic behaviour which are prompted by environmental factors (Bergen, 2008). Bowlby theorised that when a young child feels distressed, frightened or confused, attachment behaviour is triggered and this serves to bring the child closer to their mother* who provides the desired comfort, care and protection (Bowlby,
The experiment was done in a room with a one way glass to observe the infant. Different situations were given to the infant to determine the infant’s attachment style, the mother of the infant would leave the room and the infant would be left with the experimenter or the experimenter would leave the room and leave the mother and infant alone. How the infant reacts to the situation is used to determine the attachment style of the infant. Infants with secure attachment style would be distressed every time the mother would leave, the infant avoids the stranger when the mother leaves and when the mother returns the infant becomes happier. Infants with ambivalent attachment attachment style get distressed whenever the mother leaves, and avoids the stranger when left alone.
Attachment in early life is a fundamental aspect of child development and the establishment of intimate and reciprocal relationships with caregivers. Shaffer & Kipp (2007) define attachment as ‘a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity’. Contrary to the original view of infant attachment as a ‘secondary drive’ of the dependency on caregivers for physiological needs, such as hunger; Bowlby (1969, 1973) proposed that all infants are born with an innate bias to form an attachment to a primary attachment figure to whom they can seek comfort, or a ‘secure base’ during stressful circumstances. It is proposed by Ainsworth (1967) that parental sensitivity is crucial to shaping the security and development of the initial infant-parent attachment relationship, however the phenomenon of attachment requires both infants and caregivers to contribute in the formation of the attachment bond. Ultimately, the quality of attachment in early life shapes both the social and emotional
