Middle Class In Australia Essay

MIDDLE CLASS MUSLIMS IN INDONESIA: THE RISE OF

JIL AND JIMM AGAINST ISLAMIC RADICAL MOVEMENT

A. Background

“The middle class is always rising” is a saying written by Burrows for picturing a group with a quite popular identity among historians and that group is mostly linked to many historical movements in Europe, whether it was in medieval, early modern, modern or contemporary European history. In the first step of the growth of European middle class, Burrows also marks out that the middle class was behind the growth of the nation state, the civil war in the United Kingdom, and also behind the industrial revolution in France.

These depicts that the middle class was the most important social and political force which has been able to change

Based on conventional theory of democracy which is that existence of the middle class as the main requirement of social formation will determine the successfulness of democracy. The middle class as positioned as the backer of the nation state is a class in society or a group of community when expressing their ideas are free from the state’s interests and assumed as independent group.

Wong describes in the case of Malay middle class, he was classifying middle class into two parts; the first is coming up from aristocrats or elites, and the second is classified as intellectual community. Both aristocrats and intellectual community in collaboration with the bourgeois class are the primary forces against colonial occupation then affecting state formation in post-colonial

It is believed that the middle class is an essential group for social, political, and economical aspects of the state in which it can be the trigger to the change, especially in interverning the religious messages to be more transformative, and also to present the values of religious social education to be more applicable within social reality in a contemporary era.

However, there is a striking difference when discussing Muslim middle-class relations with religious matters. In this case, the political identity of middle class Muslims in Indonesia are absolutely not one entity. Along with the wave of political openness in 1998 and in post-Suharto, the middle class Muslims in Indonesia are also devided into various ideologies. Generally, it can be divided into two groups; The first is the middle class Muslims with moderate ideology, and the second is middle class Muslims who have a radical ideology. Thus, the middle class Muslims in Indonesia is clearly not a single