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Mitosis Lab Report

754 Words4 Pages

Introduction
Mitosis can be defined as a process of nuclear division among eukaryotic cells for which a couple of identical daughter cells are produced when the main parent cell divides. The focus point of mitosis is specifically the equal replication of genetic material within the nucleus that occurs through the function of this elaborate process is to keep a constant number of chromosomes in all somatic cells of the body. Mitosis is part of a bigger phase process known as the cell cycle, which is separated into two parts, mitosis and interphase. Interphase is characterised by the term ‘cell growth’ and holds the significantly largest portion of the cell cycle timeline. Mitosis is further segregated into four main stages known as prophase, …show more content…

Animal cell have centrioles present, which help in pulling the chromosomes to the opposite poles, while plant cell do not have centrioles present. In animal cell, a number of hormones induce cell division, while in plant cell, cell division is induced by a specific plant hormone called cytokine. Centrosome is essential for mitosis in animal cells but not for plant cells. Prior to cell division, animal cell will become rounded shape but plant cell do not change …show more content…

The collective results obtained showed that the duration of interphase approximately covers 80% of the total cell cycle. This is in contrast with the theoretical percentage of the duration of interphase which is supposed to be 90% of the total cell cycle.

This can be accounted to a collective human error, where certain groups made a mistake in calculating the number of cells in each respective phase. The reason for this is because the cells under the microscope is hard to be distinguished, with prophase easily confused with interphase, thus causing discrepancy in calculation of the number of cells in each respective phase.

As a result there is a low percentage in duration of interphase where it should be higher. Supporting this explanation is the observation of certain groups which conclusively showing through their observations durations of interphases which are approximately 90% of the total cell

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In which case, the nuclear envelope is visible again and the DNA uncoil into chromatin. No DNA replication occurs during interphase II. In prophase II, the nuclear envelope disintegrates again, and the chromosomes stay in sister chromatid form (if they unraveled into chromatin during interphase II they condense again). In metaphase II, spindle fibers from opposing poles of the cell attach to the centromeres of each sister chromatid. Sister chromatids are two identical copies/strands connected by one centromere that results from the replication of a chromosome during the S phase.

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During random fertilization, no gamete has a greater chance than the other with fusing together in sperm and zygote fusion. These processes contribute to the production of genetic variety because of the many opportunities of unique combinations, unlike the process of mitosis, in which identical daughter cells are always the

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The same region is also amplified on both chromosomes, however they are different sizes, which are then put into gel

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Problem 3 solutions using different approaches in the literature Approach Reference Machine cells Number of intercellular

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G1 is the main development period of the cell cycle. In G1, the cell plans to experience cell division. The cell still plays out the majority of its typical capacities, however begins to get greater. The cell then starts to make a duplicate of the cell parts (organelles). It additionally starts to create RNA and orchestrate proteins to prepare to separate.

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During this experiment, mitochondria were isolated from 20.2 grams of cauliflower using extraction buffer, filtration through Miracloth, and centrifusion. Twelve samples containing various volumes of mitochondrial suspension, assay buffer, DCIP, sodium azide, and citric acid cycle intermediates were prepared to be read by a spectrophotometer. The inclusion of the dye DCIP allowed for the absorbance of the reactions between the mitochondrial suspension and the TCA cycle intermediates succinate, malonate, and oxalate to be measured, as DCIP turns from blue to colorless as the activity of succinate dehydrogenase increases. Experimental Findings Increasing the number of mitochondria in the reaction did increase the reduction of DCIP relative to the amount of mitochondrial suspension present.

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Immortal Henrietta Informed consent is an ethically important aspect of medical care; patients must be fully informed of any and all possible risks and benefits from receiving medical treatment, participating in medical research as a subject, or donating live tissues to be studied. Only after receiving and understanding all of the necessary information can a patient give consent; if the patient does not consent, for whatever reason, then it is both illegal and unethical to follow through with treatment, research, or taking samples (O’Neill, 2003). However, particularly in regard to taking tissue samples, some doctors seem to think that what the patient doesn’t know won’t hurt them. One example of this is Henrietta Lacks and HeLa cells.

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This root tip was choosen because of its rapid growth and it can be easily avaliable and grown in large numbers. The rapid root growth proved advantageous as it allowed the observation of multiple cells in each mitotic stage within a small sample. It was expected that the majority of the cells found would be in interphase as a large proportion of the cell division cycle is spent with the cell performing its normal cellular functions. Materials: The Materials required for this experiment include; a

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Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to test for mitochondrial activity by isolating different organelles using the differential centrifugation process. Studying mitochondria is extremely important because they control the death and life of the cell by regulating the apoptotic signals (Frezza et al 2007). Also they are responsible for the metabolic reactions (aerobic respiration) and the production of ATP (Frezza et al 2007). Three hypotheses were formed based on my knowledge.

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Cell Respiration Lab Research Question What is the optimal temperature for germinating pea-seeds where the rate of respiration is the greatest? Background Information Cell Respiration refers to the biochemical process conducted by the cells of an organism that combines glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, along with two by-products, water and carbon dioxide. The equation representing this chemical reaction is shown below. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

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In the next page we begin to describe the daily functions of a cell and start to introduce the cell cycle. Page five demonstrates how cells or the citizens of the kingdom contribute in many ways. For example, making food for the Kingdom exemplifies the ribosomes of the cell creating proteins and the protecting of John imitates the functions of the cell membrane. After explaining the purpose of cells we describe the checkpoints of interphase using

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njacobs7477 Best Answer: 1. INTERPHASE- longest phase of the cell cycle, known as the "resting phase", and the cell does not divide, and it's the peroid of cell growth and metabolism. The DNA replicates or duplicates in this phase. 2. PROPHASE- First phase of mitosis!

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Mitosis and Meiosis Both mitosis and meiosis play key roles in the life cycle of a cell. Infact, any living organism , including humans, cannot even live without the microscopic cells inside of them. But how do the cells get there? The answer is mitosis and meiosis. These two important processes have many similarities, but they also show many distinct differences.

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The chromosomes then split into two sister chromatids which the centromeres hold together. This therefore mean that there are two sets of sister chromatids (four chromatids) in the two chromosomes. Two non-sister chromosomes cross over as the other two remain. Secondly, in metaphase I, chromosomes line up at the center of the spindle fibers in pairs then the third phase, Anaphase I begins when equal amounts of chromosomes divide. On the last phase, telophase I, the daughter cells completely divide, chromosomes disappear, and the nucleic membranes forms.

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Apomixis: - Here, mitosis is the process responsible for the formation of eggs; the female sex cell replicates via mitosis resulting in the formation of two diploid cells. These diploid cells thus formed have the full compliment of chromosomes which are required for development of an embryo. The offspring produced by this method are clones of the parent cell. It takes place in aphids, flowering plants etc. 2. Automixis: -

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