You are using the format of “PIE” to document Ms. Dorothy’s case. You have identified the priority problem of acute pain that Ms. Dorothy has, which is an indeed problem for Ms. Dorothy who just recovered from abdominal surgery being performed yesterday. It is possible for Ms. Dorothy to carry out other actions such as turning the position, using incentive spirometry and so on when her pain is under the control. Using incentive spirometry is very important for Ms. Dorothy to expend her lungs, and then enhance her breathing. Also, risk for infection or ineffective breathing pattern is very important for patients who have done the surgery. However, I believe the pain management is the