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Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA)

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In 2000 The Criminal Justice and Courts Services Act was formed. The new legislation introduced the framework for Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) which led to the National Probation Service and the Police working in partnership. The HM Prison Service as well as the police and probation, became responsible for managing the risks of violent, dangerous and sexual offenders. The arrangements for reducing risks, involved sharing offender information and restrictions to reduce harm. Other agencies have a duty to co-operate with the ‘Responsible Authorities’, and be involved in the monitoring process, these include; social care, housing, health and education services. MAPPA assesses the risk to the public posed by the offender …show more content…

Foucault argues, that the function of punishment is not to deter crime, rather it is to illustrate the power of the state. In 1700s executions were common public spectacles where torture was used to humiliate and inflict pain and suffering. In contemporary society, Foucault argues new forms of punishment are used, such as discipline based surveillance. The purpose of the technique is used to gain similar ends, by managing and controlling offenders in a more humane …show more content…

The Conservative electoral vote strategy saw them gaining public confidence, by proclaiming to be “tough on crime”. The politicisation of law and order occurred due to the increase in crime rates and the postmodern turn in society. Ulrich Beck’s arguments associated with the postmodern society, and the concept of uncertainty and risk became ever prevalent. Campbell (2004) argues, traditional policing is withering away and replaced by contemporary policing methods to govern social relations in the ‘risk society’. Consequently, society’s preoccupation with risk and the existence of risk society has placed great attention on policing. The politicisation of policing has drawn focus to the agency making them powerful. As a result, the police have been identified as one of the agencies, whose budget will be protected from future austerity cuts.
The politician Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles of policing were formulated in 1829. It is suggested that the role of the police officer is to prevent crime, help victims, detect crime, capture criminals, uphold the law, promote government policy and protect the public. Peel initially regarded the police as a patrolling or crime prevention service. Joyce (2011)

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Police powers, defined in state and Commonwealth legislation, are accompanied by responsibilities which effectively gives rise to a compromise between the right of an individual to personal liberty and ‘the obligation of police to investigate possible breaches of the criminal law’. In Bulsey, the concept of ‘reasonable suspicion’ was discussed and it can be seen that ‘reasonable suspicion’ acted as a control measure; it ensured the police were held liable for their actions when it was proven that they did not have reasonable suspicion. Goldie v Commonwealth defined ‘reasonable suspicion’ as ‘somewhere on a spectrum between certainty and irrationality’ and stressed that to prevent arbitrary use of power, ‘reasonable suspicion’ should lie far from irrationality. However, in 2010, there were proposed changes to certain states’ legislation where ‘reasonable suspicion’ was no longer a requirement for conducting a search.

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​The police force we all know has one main focus, to protect people and the property in which they stand. Patrolling the areas in which they are assigned to, they make sure civilians follow the law and they handle any breakage of the law as well. Our police force is supposed to make us feel safe wherever we are. They have undoubtedly done a great job in doing so. However, over the past couple of years, the police force has taken a toll for the worse.

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The Bail Act 2013 (NSW) is a crucial piece of legislation that outlines the legal framework for granting bail to persons who are charged with an offense in New South Wales. In 2014, the Act underwent significant reform due to concerns about the effectiveness of the existing bail system in achieving justice. This essay will discuss the conditions that gave rise to the reform of the Bail Act 2013 (NSW) in 2014, the specific changes to the Bail Act 2013 (NSW), and evaluate the effectiveness of the law reform in achieving justice. Conditions that gave rise to the reform of the Bail Act 2013 (NSW) in 2014 The reform of the Bail Act 2013 (NSW) was triggered by a number of factors, including the increasing rate of reoffending by people on bail and concerns about community safety.

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The textbook history of Peel’s principles are often referenced as the foundational to modern policing in the 19th century. Criminal Justice may be interpreted in many different ways and through this article the importance of emerging historical scholarship as well as the textbooks gives us a better understanding of criminal justice eventually rethinking of Peels principles. In general, the invention of the Peels principles are found in the 20th century policing textbooks. Furthermore, Peels principles are important in todays criminal justice system and are often used in modern criminal justice education. The history of policing is perhaps brief compared to say the courts or laws.

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(1997). Regulating police discretion: An assessment of the impact of the NSW Young Offenders Act 1997. Criminal Law Journal, 28(2), pp.72-92. Retrieved from Westlaw. Code Of Conduct And Ethics (n.d.).

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When it comes to policing there is a huge struggle power struggle between individual rights and public order. You want to keep individual rights, but you also want to keep public order while keeping the public safe. It may seem hard to keep the balance between these two, but doing so is of utter importance. Here are some examples of why it can be hard to balance individual rights and public order when dealing with policing.

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There are many principles that came with Sir Robert Peel. The purpose of the police force is to prevent as much crime as possible and is to maintain order, the police depend on the trust and approval of the public to do their job correctly and efficiently. Those are his two top ones but there are more principles. He wanted everyone to feel safe when outside or at home. He wanted the public to keep an eye out and watch for the safety of the community.

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Ethics and the Evolution of Police Policing in this present day is defined as an individual or group of individual who prevent and detect crime within a community. Policing compares in many ways. They all attempt to provide services, keep the peace and reduce crime. Policing has evolved into something much more than what it used to be. Within this essay are the many different perspectives and how ethics were learned.

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The principles of Sir Robert Peel are important for America today, and help shape todays modern police forces. Peels principles help keep order and peace to the police force of America. Peel drafted one of the first police bills in 1828, to improve the police in the Metropolis, it was passed in 1829 ( ). There are nine total principles in total that help guide the law enforcement. The first principle describes the basic mission to why police exist.

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After reviewing Sir Robert Peel's nine principles of policing I believe all nine principles are still evident in modern policing. These principles of policing were created as a standard for initial modern police forces, however due to modernization of policing through technology and training, some of these standards have evolved to adapt to today’s standards of policing. Let us examine how these principles were the foundation for modern police forces, and the standards they coincide with today, beginning with Peel’s first principle. Peel’s first principle states the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder (Dempsey & Forst, 2016).

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More people get incarcerated for non-violent crimes and crimes caused by mental illnesses or drug abuse (Webb, 2009) and because these people get put in regular prisons, instead of in mental health facilities or facilities to help against drug addiction, where they could be treated to further prevent crimes driven by their illness (Webb, 2009), the prisons get overfilled and cannot hold the more ‘important’ prisoners that needed to be locked away from the public. A strong link of the criminal justice process is that the system tries to keep it fair for everyone. Every defendant has the right to an attorney so they can be defended properly and fairly and “Only judges who are adequately informed about a case can effectively control the proceedings and examine evidence” (Tochilovsky, 2002) It is also important for the criminal justice system that those involved show discretion and although this is not always the case, discretion by the judges, police, etc.

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Police organizational structures are entities of two or more people who cooperate to accomplish an objective. This type of structure must be parallel so that it can be effective in achieving the overall goal of protecting and helping the public. For the past several years police agencies have proceeded through a traditional structure but more recently that structure has started to evolve. Traditional structures are based upon principles such as specialization, hierarchy, chain of command, rules and regulations, and official working capacity. Principles such as this allow the structure to work effectively.

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He considered community policing in Great Britain and USA to fit well with this general definition and later in his article he developed a fuller analysis of the

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Police (Benefits) • The general public are the biggest critics of local police forces across the United Kingdom, Crime mapping now indicates to the General public that police forces are actively policing local communities and working to mitigate risks. Crime mapping is an exceptional tool for hearts and minds between the police force and general public. Crime mapping permits police forces to determine which locations require additional support in means of allocating man-power or security systems. Crime mapping enables police forces to inform the public of any changes within the community.

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Safety of our citizens is of utmost importance in creating a robust society. Building sustainable communities that are inclusive, secure and sensitive to needs of the citizens will continue to be of national priority. However, over the years, crime has stymied this endeavour. There must be a commitment to ensuring safety, security and justice for all citizens, which are seen as moral rights and intrinsic to development. Good policing, targeted social interventions and an efficient judicial system are needed to help our nation thrive.

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