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Multidimensional Scale Analysis

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Recommended: Strength and weakness of social support theory

2.1.4 Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support In order to measure the perception of social support from various sources the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPP) that was developed by (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley (1988) shall be utilized. The scale measures the concept of social support in a multidimensional perspective, dividing the sources between family, friends, and significant others in order to give a deeper insight into the concept (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988). This scale was developed in order to try to correct issues that were observed in previous scales, where it addresses the subjective assessment, perceptions of adequacy from three supports, self-explanatory, psychometrically …show more content…

The scale is intended as a brief assessment of the general sense of satisfaction with an individual's life as a whole, in a cognitive-judgment process (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). However, Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985) mention that the scale does not tap into constructs that can be related, such as positive affect. The scale contains only 5 items, all keyed in a positive direction (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). This makes it a brief scale that is easy to use and will not result in fatigue for the participant. Likewise, the scale has been shown to be reliable and valid, making it a good measure (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). This makes it a reliable and valid measure to …show more content…

One main limitation to this study is that there has been few recent done concerning the population sample being studied, specifically, those who come from the Czech Republic. It has been found that causes of loneliness differ among youths from Canada and the Czech Republic, especially if the causes are split into five factors (Rokach, 2003). Specifically, Rokach (2003) found that compared to Canadian youths, Czech youths scored higher on personal inadequacies (low self-esteem, fear of intimacy, feeling socially ill at-ease), developmental deficits (e.g growing up in a dysfunctional home) while the Canadian youth scored higher on social marginality (actual or perceived social rejection.) One should note that the results may be different today due to the Czech Republic's history and the effect it had on the youth. From this, one can conclude that culture can be an important factor in terms of why one feels lonely, which may lead to some being lonelier than others if those specific factors are

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The lowest limit of KMO value is .5, and values between .5 and .7 are mediocre, values between .7 and .8 are middling, values between .8 and .9 are meritorious and values above .9 are marvelous (Field, 2009). In the pretest, the value of KMO was .855 which suggested that the sample size was adequate for factor analysis. Furthermore, the value of Bartlett’s test showed that the inter-independent of the measurement of each construct was highly significant (p < .001). Therefore, the instrument of high reliability was appropriate to perform the factor analysis (Field, 2009). For the testing results of KMO and Bartlett’s measure, please refer to Table

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Support groups provide a sense of temporary support that is there to help you at your discretion. Because these “small groups” are presented to collectively work on self-improvement, it is seen as a

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Dury gives a comprehensive look at the effects of loneliness and social isolation and supplies

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We know we should support our friends, but sometimes, things happen, and although we know we should, we don’t do it nearly enough. I understand we don’t think or talk about this is because it is not an easy subject to bring forward. Support comes in many different forms, and not just the one I tried to implement in my speech. By talking about my experiences, I hope to help my audience discover that people have many dimensions to themselves and are not just the image they project and seem to be. Appearances can be deceiving, so we should not assume we know what another person is going through based off of our own expectations.

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Running Head: SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT 1 SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT 6 Screening and Assessment Unit 3 Name Institutional Affiliation Historical and Contextual Considerations In the case of Charles, historical considerations that are relevant are him losing the job and his past attitudes on having children. The historical considerations of Charles impact the plan assessment because it determines the nature and questions to be asked. In the case of Sabrina, the historical considerations to be considered are her infertility situations that triggered the divorce.

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In order to develop a standardized test that is valid and reliable, the

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Strength develops in someone through their experiences which have the ability to make them an emotionally stronger person. A quote by Ernest Hemingway presents that “the world breaks everyone, then some become strong at the broken places.” Even those who suffer the most will have the ability to bounce back at a stronger state. This theme reveals its relevance in A Separate Peace by John Knowles as we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the main characters, Finny and Gene. Although some may insist that Finny’s emotional state fits the mold of a weak character, I have confidence that Finny has the most inner strength out of the two boys given his description and actions throughout the novel.

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Loneliness can affect people's self esteem and lead them to take many bad decisions.

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Approximately sixty percent of Americans report that they feel lonely regularly which is a societal complication (Santos). Humans are social creatures and they require contact with others . Loneliness can be described as the feeling of being alone regardless of the amount of social contact with others while social isolation is the lack of those social connections completely (CDC). The two go hand in hand and can often lead to each other causing deeper rooted issues. Novels such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, short stories like George Saunders “The 400-Pound CEO, and websites including the CDC all demonstrate or examine the effects of loneliness and social isolation on an individual.

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Loneliness is an emotional state where one is socially isolated and lacks human interaction which is experienced by many people around the world. Although it is a frequent occurrence around the world, it is usually disregarded and ignored. The novel Speak and the article “Teens in Covid Isolation: “I felt like I was suffocating”, displays the experiences many children faced with loneliness and how it impacts their life. Loneliness is an aspect of depression, and those who experience it can lead to self-harm, decreased academic performance, and struggle to talk about it to others. People who struggle with loneliness often find it difficult to let their true feelings out, leading to a sense of isolation and emotional distress.

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Research indicates that students whose parents did not attend college are more likely than their non-first-generation counterparts to be less academically prepared for college, to have less knowledge of how to apply for college and for financial assistance, and to have more difficulty in adapting themselves to college once they enroll. They are also more at risk for not completing a degree because they are more likely to delay enrollment after high school, to enroll in postsecondary education part-time, and to work full-time while enrolled. (Hurtado & Carter, 1997; Pasacrella & Terenzini, 1991; Tinto, 19931), First-generation students, may lack the cultural and social capital, which may account for the difficulties they face in academia (Perna, 2000). Targeted intervention efforts that reach out to first-generation students both before and during college can help alleviate the barriers and challenges first-generation students face and help colleges reach their goal of recruiting and retaining all students. Academic Barriers Research has shown that low-income and first generation students are less likely to be engaged in the academic and social experiences that foster success in college, such as studying in groups, interacting with faculty and other students, participating in extracurricular activities, and using support

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Additionally, negative interaction can manifest itself in heightened psychological stress (Cohen, 2004), irrespective of whether the negative interaction was intended or was perceived to be harmful and unsatisfactory. This is somewhat in line with some dimension of social support that has been conceptualized based on the relevance of support to the recipient (Lakey & Cohen, 2000). At this point, it can be inferred that the inconsistency in social support conceptualization can somewhat be attributed to the multidimensional nature of social support itself. The conceptualization issues may also lead to accessibility concerns and or inappropriate use of construct, without a clear distinction between what is and what is not social support. Considering

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Individuals reported a change in their values and attitudes about life (Ring, 1982). They also gained a deeper belief in love and altruism (Ring, 1982). Many people concluded that they indeed had purpose in life and knew without a doubt that the NDE was meant to act as a “wake-up call” (Ring, 1982). Individuals reported having a deeper understanding of their purpose in life. This purpose always included living “more deeply, more appreciatively, more lovingly, and more spiritually”

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She reports anxiety about the future and wonders if she will become less lonely or learn to cope and accept the loneliness she experiences. Therefore, client X would like to address her issue with loneliness and gain techniques and advice about coping and accepting her loneliness. Client X had an excellent childhood, surrounded by friends and family and extended family all the time. She was very close with her family and still is. She had a very active period, playing multiple sports and maintaining a part-time job, while attending

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Literature Review Social Support Albrecht and Adelman’s study (as cited in Kendall Hunt Publishing Co., 2011) provided a definition of social support as “verbal and non-verbal communication between recipients and providers that reduces uncertainty about the situation, the self, the other, or the relationship, and functions to enhance a perception of personal control in one’s life experience”. Social support is any type of communication that helps an individual feel more secure or certain about a situation and therefore being able to feel that they have control over a situation (2011, Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.). According to Hunt, social support emphasizes the availability of the network of people that provides support, therefore, the presence

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