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Microbiology Eukaryotic Cells
Microbiology Eukaryotic Cells
Microbiology Eukaryotic Cells
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Recommended: Microbiology Eukaryotic Cells
1. Nucleus- present only in eukaryotic cells, this structure stores most of the genetic information of the cell. The nucleus directs the production of proteins through the synthesis of mRNA. 2.
B Nuclear pores Gateways within the nuclear membrane that allow for the selective exchange of molecules such as RNA and proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. C Nucleoli genetic material Site for ribosomal RNA (rRNA)production. D Cytoplasm Fluid matrix that houses the cell organelles and serves as the site for numerous cellular processes including glycolysis and protein folding. E Nuclear lamina
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the essential genetic instructions/codes that are used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is a nucleic acid, which, alongside proteins and carbohydrates forms the three major macromolecules that are essential for all forms of life. DNA consists of two biopolymer strands, which coil together to form a ‘double helical structure’. These two strands are known as polynucleotides as they are made up of several smaller nucleotide units. DNA consists of a linear polymer consisting of three types of molecule: an organic ‘aromatic flat base’ connected to a sugar called ‘ribose’, with an inorganic ‘phosphate linker’.
Pradar Willi and Angleman Syndrome Website Lecture Group 3 Background The Chromosome Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of cells. They are what make up the genetic information that allows all organisms to be unique. Chromosomes consist of Deoxyribonucleic acid that are bundled up tightly to form the larger chromosome structure. In human cells there are usually 46 chromosomes.
RNA = A C U G During transcriptions the mRNA is built up by commentary base pairing, using the DNA as a blueprint to construct the specific protein. CODON code for the bases to amino acids, once a molecule of mRNA has been transcribed it moves out of the nucleus via the nucleus pore. mRNA will be able to pass through the nuclear pore, which goes through the ribosome, production of protein through tRNA In the cytoplasm the mRNA combines with the ribosome cellular structure on which the polypeptide chain will be built in a process called transcription
The mRNA would leave the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, through the big holes in the nuclear
DNA also has a nitrogenous base called thymine. rRNA rRNA is made up of a chain consisting of between 100 to 3000 nucleotides, these chains are made inside the nucleus of a cell, it also associates with
The nucleus controls all growth and reproduction within the cell and is seen as the most significant organelle within the cell. This organelle is enclosed within a double membrane, with the exterior membrane connected to endoplasmic reticulum and the interior membrane connected to nuclear pores. This double membrane protects the nucleus from the rest of the cell, ensuring that the DNA contained within the nucleus is fully protected. Mitochondria is an organelle that helps produce energy for the cell. Like the nucleus, the mitochondria is enclosed within a double membrane.
DNA -The Base for Genetics Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly referred to as DNA is a molecule that carries the instructions for development, growth, reproduction, and functioning for all known living organisms. (Rettner, 2013) Although most DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, called nuclear DNA, others may be located in the mitochondria, called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (What is DNA? - Genetics Home Reference, n.d.)
The nucleus is the control center or “brain” of the cell. DNA contains information that’s passed on to the offspring, example- hair color. Ribosomes produce protein for the cell, and lysosomes are where the digestion occurs. Mitochondria produces energy for a cell to use by breaking down substances, the vacuole is a storage area for substances including fats. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid in cells where the organelles of a cell are located.
Chromosomes are more compact in eukaryotes and are held together as a structure called nucleosomes, this consists of DNA being wrapped around histones. There are exceptions of prokaryotes that still contain histones that also help with the formation of nucleosomes e.g some
They do not have a nucleus, instead viruses have one or two strands of dna and rna to protect it. This coat is called a capsin, some viruses have another protective layer called envelope. Viruses needs host cells to infect so it can reproduce. Viruses exist as a capsid or protein coat and sometimes enclosed within a membrane when not attached to its host. The capsid
The cell body contains the nucleus but not the dendrites or axons. The dendrite is an extension of the neuron transmitting impulses to the cell body while the
The nucleus is generally in the center of a cell. A typical cell nucleus is so small that ten thousand could fit on the tip of a needle. One strand of DNA is around 6 feet long. This mean that 6 feet of DNA fits inside the nucleus, which occupies about 10% of a total cell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus), of a microscopic cell. For this to happen eight separate histone protein subunits attach to the DNA molecule to
(Fig. 7–1c) are components of nucleotides and nucleic