P-As The Middle Ages

Intro- The Middle Age burned its heretics thus empowering the Modern Age to institute its restored approach to life and lay its new foundation for European living. P- As the middle ages came to a close and the modern world began to rise, new political battles and internal conflicts commenced in Europe regarding european balance of power. E- Economic powers clashed with expansion and the money economy prospered. R- New religions developed, emphasizing humanism as well as questioning the teaching of the medieval Catholic Church and influencing the church's framework towards Reformation. S- Influenced by the Black Death, society and culture shifted towards a more individualistic and secular atmosphere, clashing with ancient medieval thinking,

The following three centuries would withstand such an eventful and developmental era, and as a result serve as a major turning point in European history. Many of these conflicts arose pertaining to the concept of central and local power. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern world, monarchy prevailed. Rulers, specifically princes, were expected to follow and live up to many high standards. “A successful ruler is indifferent to moral and religious considerations” (apparts pg. 15) A great ruler must both be loved as well as feared, because love can be broken while fear will be maintained. The Roman Church occupied a great deal of power, often referred to as “canonical authority” (apparts pg. 231), although much of its political power was lost to war. The Great Schism was a movement within the church that erected controversy in the political fields. Prime heresy described disdain for ecclesiastical authority, meaning the Roman Church's authority over social and economic matters. Other matters dealt with the turmoil and unrest caused by military disturbances, which often resulted in war. Many wars were being fought because of the issue over authority and power: Britain and France, England and France, Italy and Aragon, Scandinavian States and Hanseatic(German) Cities, and also Slavs against German expansion. As the

Other ideas illustrated through art include ideal realism, individualism, secularism, and humanism. Humanism was a modern and vast/immense movement that strengthened the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern world. It brought emphasized rational human behavior and brought interest to the ancient Greek and Roman thinkers. Individualism was a theory that stressed certain principles. The overall belief was for independence and individual freedom under state laws. Classicism observed and reproduced ancient art and literature. The style mimicked the approach of the Greeks and Romans. Secularism was a movement that highlighted the dispute and separation between state and religious issues. Art was a technique used throughout Renaissance advancement to portray certain themes of that time. For example, during the Black Death the common theme in many illustrations depicted death. Art can also refer to the major progression of liberal arts as a part of educational development throughout the European