“In this composite world, it takes more than a good school to educate children. And it takes more than a good home. It takes these two vital educational institutions working together.”
-Dorothy Rich Parental involvement in a child’s early education is always found to be positively associated with a child’s academic performance ( Hara& Burke, 1998; Hill & Craft, 2003; Marcon, 1999). Children’s behavior, both in school and out, is closely related to the family act and their home environment. Snyder and Patterson (in Sheldon, 2009) came to the conclusion twenty years ago, that there are certain factors that are predictive of misbehavior among juveniles. These factors are, for instance, neglectful and submissive parenting styles, lax disciplinary
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By checking specific parenting practices that are 4
Amenable to change, such as parent involvement, and the tool by which these practices influence academic performance, program may be developed to increase a child’s academic performance. Although parent involvement has been found to be related to increased academic performance, the specific mechanisms through which parent exerts its influence on a child’s academic performance are not yet fully understood (Hill & Craft, 2003). Parental involvement has been defined and measured in multiple ways, including activities that parents gain at home and at school and positive attitudes parents have towards their child’s education, school, and teacher ( Epstein, 1996; Gronick&Slowiaczek, 1994; Kohl, Lengua, & McMahon,
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Parent’s involvement may have a greater effect if it focuses on the area where the child needs most. For example, Sheldon and Epstein (2005) found that movement that engage families and children in discussing mathematics at home can contribute to great academic performance in mathematics when compared to other types of involvement. Additionally, while several research suggests that parent involvement may positively affect the academic performance of secondary students (Ton, 2005), other research indicates that parent involvement has a greater impact on the academic achievement of elementary-aged pupils than of secondary school students (Cooper et al., 2000, cited in Jordan, Orozco, & Averret,