The role of a parent is essential in the development and engagement is crucial. An African proverb states that it takes a community to raise a child, therefore child development and empowerment is very crucial to the life of an African child. Children draw inspiration and strength from what they see their parents do, and the development and engagement of most children is mostly influenced by the ways of life of the parents. Parent involvement and parent engagement are frequently used interchangeably and when differentiated, the descriptions are most times not stable. From a grammar standpoint, parent involvement inclines to suggest what learning institutions are doing to parents i.e. informing parents exactly how to contribute, whilst parent …show more content…
In most societies, Australia inclusive, disparities in the socioeconomic position translate into inequalities in child development (Goldfeld and West, 2014, Hertzman et al., 2010). Inconsistencies between children are centered on the preventive differences in economic and social conditions are obvious as early as 9 months in a variety of domains, and grow extensively over a period of time (Halle et al., 2009; Heckman, …show more content…
African parents from ethnic minorities are constantly faced with the challenge of accessing services (Jones et al., 2001). Cultural barriers have been identified to be related to the barriers African parents face in the involvement of their child’s development at an early stage (Barlow et al., 2004). Language and culture are peculiar constraints in the lifestyle of migrants in Australia, the school administration may take in that the parent is uninterested in the education of the child as a result of inability to commune fluently in English as well as the unavailability of a bilingual employee (Johnson, 2003). In Australia, refugee parents or migrants from minority ethnic groups may be from cultures where parents assume not to question or interfere or have interest in educational services nor child’s