Darlin And Grebelsky: A Socialization Study

Parenting practices/parenting styles

Interaction between parents and children in this thesis in the context of parents’ struggle to find an appropriate answer to their children’s questions, could be also define as parenting styles (Darling & Steinberg 1993). Darlin and Steinberg (1993) define the parenting styles as parents’ behaviors and characteristics which is the important part of parent-child interaction and relationships over a wide range of situations. Some of the parents’ styles which are discussed in the literature are presented in the following.

The importance of parental expectations of children is described in Ochs and Schieffelin (1984). Their research and further language socialization studies show that perceptions of children

In this study, the gender of the parents and children, the ages of children and socio-economic status of the families have been considered. This study shows that socialization patterns in the family are affected by parents’ gender. Parental cooperation patterns vary according to the parents’ gender. In contrast to previous studies (which were mentioned before) about the stereotypes of the fathers’ role in interaction, in the study of Grebelsky (2014) it has been found that level of involvement of fathers in raising the children has increased. This has led to nontraditional familial roles. Fathers exhibit greater social sensitivity than they did previously. This means that the traditional family structure has changed and become more flexible that causes the redefining of family roles. Grebelsky (2014) concluded that in low social-economic status families (SES), “mothers were more supportive and focused more on the child, while the fathers were more like authority figures”. Fathers are considered as tougher and more task-oriented which try to set the activity. The fathers in high-SES families care more about their relationships with their child, which means fathers’ status in high-SES has changed. The behavior of fathers in the high-SES families is opposed to the stereotype of fathers. Fathers are traditionally considered as achievement-oriented and

Stone, Ingham, and Gibbins (2013) study the challenges that parents (focus group with parents of 3-7 years old children in UK) usually have about early sexual socialization as well as the reasons parents restrict the knowledge of children about sexual awareness. In this article, the authors investigate if giving children negative beliefs about their body make children have conflict and negative feelings about themselves. They also study about what would happen to children if parents give them positive education about sexuality or early sexual education, for example if children get more competences and confidence. This study shows that parents sometimes do not know what the best way to answer children’s challenging questions is. It can result in the feeling that they might be judged as “bad parents”, if they say “too much” and use “wrong terminology” and cross the boundaries of assumed allowable sexual knowledge of children. Many parents decide to be conservative in this matter, since there is very limited discussion and agreement between parents regarding the right and wrong way of answering. The study of Stone et al (2013) shows that sexual matter education in early ages is challenging because of lack of clear rules and agreements among parents regarding proper way of answering questions in this field. It is not true to assume that because of lack of parental education in this field,