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Shojo Manga Stereotypes

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Hana Kloutvorová: Personal deixis in the speech of characters in shōjo manga 1. Introduction There can be no doubts that shōjo manga (Japanese comics aimed at a teenage girl readership) are remaining one of popular forms of entertainment for many Japanese – for example, in the time period from July to September 2014 almost 1,7 million copies of various shōjo manga magazines were published1. Additionally, in a survey from 2008 around 45% of respondents believed that manga affects the language of younger generations and that manga is also a reason for higher frequency of occurrence of masculine personal pronouns in the speech of young girls (Unser-Schutz 2011, 216). In my dissertation thesis, I will examine the usage of Japanese personal pronouns …show more content…

Satoshi Kinsui developed the concept of stereotypization occurring in the virtual language through the role language: the language in the media is a image of actual language, it is a fictional language (Kinsui 2003, 32). To use the most natural language possible in the speech of fictional characters, certain amount of text is needed, but due to economization of the text it can be done only in the case of major characters. In the case of minor characters, it is easier for reader 's perception to categorize characters by a language features that are associated with a certain type of character (Kinsui, Teshigawara 2011, s. 37). To state it simply, if there is a script, stereotyping necessarily occurs – “when scripted, characters’ speech styles are often framed by their given ideological roles. That is, through their speech styles, characters in scripted speech are commonly made identifiable with subgroups to which they belong according to certain expectations based on linguistic ideology” (Hiramoto 2013, 51-52). Yakuwarigo is not a mirror of reality (Kinsui 2003, 38), readers are aware that real speakers do not speak the role language (Kinsui, Teshigawara 2011, s. 38). Women 's language is also one of the means of a language

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Everyday thousands of people communicate with one another. These conversations happen nearly instantaneously between people and are a key to a successful relationship. In Deborah Tannen’s essay, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” she explains the differences between men and women’s communication patterns. In Tannen’s essay, she uses documented research, vocabulary, and figurative language to help draw in as well as inform her readers’ about different gender communication patterns. “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” is an article about the different communication patterns associated with males and females.

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Morghan Renfrow Instructor C. Shackelford English 1113, Section 101 1 September 2016 Analysts of “How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently” An essay written by Deborah Tannen called “How male and females students use language differently”, is describing how they talk and interact with others. The writer presents different studies on how language changes based on a certain person. The essay states that men are more aggressive and talkative, while women are calm and modest about talking about the views they share.

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Sex, Lies and Conversation There are many differences between a man and woman, communication is just one difference. Deborah Tannen, a University of California graduate, got her PhD in linguistics at Georgetown University; there she studied the communication between men and women. Tannen has published over one hundred articles and wrote over twenty books, including You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (1990), which spent almost four years on the New York Times best seller list and was translated into twenty-nine languages. The article Sex, Lies and Conversation appeared in the Washington Post in 1990 and gives insight to how opposite sexes communicate with each other. From an early age we are programed to play and be friends with the same gender as our own.

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Our identity is a place upon many attributes of a human being. Whether the person is someone who goes on promoting themselves to the world or not, and it shows how people communicate to others around them. Language is one of the main components that unveils the person’s identity in their everyday life, and they are many different ways to approach a person’s language. Relating to the article of Yiyun Li, “To Speak is to Blunder,” she knows two languages that has its positive and negative outcomes in her life. I to relate to her understanding of language, but a different view of what language means to me.

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There’s a myth about Asian Americans, that generalizes them into one group. People create false images of us through stereotypes. These stereotypes have been manifested in books, movies, and literature, but they have repercussions for Asian Americans in society. We are often treated as foreigners, people leading us to believe that we don’t belong in American society, and that we have no purpose being here. Stereotypes are natural things that people will talk about.

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Representation and stereotypes Representation within the media is to show someone or something, using a process of depicting, descripting and symbolization. Stereotypes, as described by Stuart Hall, is the “production of the meaning of the concepts in our minds through language which enables us to refer to either the ‘real’ world of objects, people or events, or indeed to imaginary worlds of fictional objects, people and events”. In his research Hall has suggested that there are two systems of representation, the first system regarding direct associations of events, people and objects that have certain mental representations and concepts that people have in their minds. Meaning is therefore dependent on these correlations. Hall’s second system is language.

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Kramarae (1981:145), on the other hand, states that ‘men specialize in instrumental or task behaviours and women specialize in expressive or social activities’. Society’s sex-stereotyping of jobs influence girls’ behaviour and expectations, and encourage positive attitude towards language learning while society’s division of tasks and assumptions according to sex is transferred to boys and girls through formal and informal instruction. This alliance between society-education may explain boys’ and girls’ different concerns, attitudes and expectations. Girls’ communicative skills are enhanced if not maximised because of their expected patterns of interaction. Consequently, girls may develop a liking for languages.

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When the topic of gender bias comes up, it’s usually within the context of women being the victims and that is going to be my main focus in this essay. Gender bias has a lot of implications on society which greatly affects the world as a whole and this is related to language because, language is the most common form of communication and it is a very powerful tool, which more often than not, is misused and misunderstood. The different media forms, as well as different media in countries, has an effect on our perception of gender. A new study conducted by The United Kingdom’s Economic and Social Research Council found out that

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One of these perspectives is analyzing communication through gender. In the book, You Just Don’t Understand, Deborah Tannen (1990) popularized the term “genderlect” to describe the way in which men and women communicate with each other. She suggested that men and women have different styles of conversing, forming two distinct dialects. In a review of Tannen’s book, DeFrancisco (1992) attributed the differing communication styles of men and women to the respective cultures in which they grow up. Because of such gender differences, misunderstanding between men and women creates a gap in the communication process.

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