chinesis. A construct of R751::Tn4351 (the physical map of R751::Tn4351 and restriction sites are shown in fig. 7) was selected for introduction into F. chinesis to discover if the introduction and insertion of the vector R751 and the transposition of T4351 into the F. chinesis chromosome by a triparental mating occurred. One parent was E. coli GJ342 which carried a helper plasmid, the second parent was E. coli HB101 which contained R751::Tn4351 and the third parent was the F. chinesis target strain. 189 colonies were isolated on LB agar plates which in passage in fresh media were able to grow in 200µgml-1 erythromycin.
Introduction For two days, on the 14th and 15th of April, a field excursion to Hastings Point, New South Wales was conducted. At Hastings Point, topography, abiotic factors and organism distribution were measured and recorded, with the aim of drawing links between the abiotic factors of two ecosystems (rocky shore and sand dunes), the organisms which live in them, and the adaptations they have developed to cope with these conditions. Within these two ecosystems, multiple zones were identified and recorded, and this report also aims to identify the factors and organisms associated with each zone. Lastly, using data and observations from the past, predictions for the future of the rock pool ecosystem were made.
To begin, during this lab experiment, genetic transformation was successfully carried out. After observing the agar plates, it was found that only the plate with ampicillin and no pGLO plasmid did not grow any of the E.coli bacteria. All three of the other plates grew the E.coli bacteria, however it grew differently in each plate. In the control plate where the pGLO plasmid, ampicillin, and arabinose were not present, the bacteria grew in the pattern that it was spread in originally. In the two other plates, bacteria grew in colonies that eventually joined together due to prolonged time in the incubator.
First, label one micro centrifuge tube +pGLO and another –pGLO. Using a sterile transfer pipet, transfer 250µl of competent cells (E. coli + CaCl2) into each tube and place them in crushed ice. Examine the pGLO plasmid DNA solution with the UV light and note your observations. Pipet 10µl of pGLO plasmid into the +pGLO tube and mix, close and return it to the ice rack. Do NOT add plasmid DNA to the –pGLO tube.
This time, we used minimal agar plate. The plate was labeled into two sections, Trsf and Mut. The Trsf colony on the LB plate was looped and spread on the Trsf section of the minimal agar plate and the Mut was done likewise. The plate was then incubated at 30℃ until the next course day. Only the wild-type Acinetobacter gene enables the bacteria to grow on minimal medium, therefore if growth was seen on the Trsf section then we would expect that the mutant had transformed and picked up DNA from its surroundings.
The plasmid and the gene are both cut using restriction enzymes. To incorporate the gene into the plasmid, both the plasmid and gen stuck together by a bacterial enzyme called ligase. The plasmid with the foreign gene can then be inserted into the bacteria One specific plasmid is pUB110 which is circular whose host is Bacillus subtilis. It has a plasmid size 2.3 kpb and copy number between 20 - 50. We can selectively grow bacteria that contain this plasmid by using selective and differential media.
In this lab, the goal was to transform bacteria with genes that included fluorescence as well as antibiotic resistance that were taken from a jellyfish. Transformation is transferring a gene from one organism to another. Certain precautions had to be made before doing this lab since every step had to be done very quickly to prevent too much contamination. The first step in starting the transformation is to add the transformation solution into the +pGLO and -pGLO test tubes. After this is done, you put both tubes in ice and then put bacteria in both tubes.
The cells that undergo transformation can activate the GFP protein using a sugar called arabinose that is added to the cells' growth medium ("pGLO Transformation,"). Using the aseptic technique, transformed cells will grow on the nutrient agar plates with LB/amp, and appear white on the plates that do not contain the sugar arabinose (Urnowey et al., 2017). If bacteria with +pGLO plasmids are found on the plate with LB/amp/ara, growth will take place and it will glow green under UV light because of the presence of arabinose. Furthermore, +pGLO bacteria that contains the gene for GFP and are resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin, will survive and develop on the plate that has LB/amp. In the control plates, -pGLO bacteria that is susceptible to antibiotic ampicillin will not grow on the plate with LB/amp.
Cyanobacteria exist in many environments, which include terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. They play a vital role as carbon dioxide consumers and oxygen producers in oceans. A recent study on Synechocystis, a species of cyanobacteria, has shown that these bacteria have the ability to actually see light. This is vital to the metabolism of the Synechocystis because they need light from the sun to produce energy. Synechocystis' bodies functions as lenses.
What is happening to the particles in the water as it is being heated? How does this impact the state? When heat is added to a substance, the particles in the water vibrate faster. As the particles started to vibrate faster, the space between atoms increased.
However, when these bacteria are grouped together to have high cell density, the molecules they secrete amount to a certain number, and once that number is reached, the behavior of that bacteria is switched on and in this case, bioluminescence is created. Similarly, in my project, I am screening the anti bacterial activity using oils. Before I use the oil, I have to culture the bacteria overnight so that I could use them in the plates after 16-18 hours of incubation. Based on the talk, I believe that I have an idea on how bacteria grow. This Ted Talk has inspired me about science in numerous aspects.
Introduction Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living organisms arising by exergonic chemical reactions. The term ‘bioluminescence’ originates from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen for “cold light" emission as less than 20% of the light generates thermal radiation. This has been reported in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms including bacteria, fungi, insects, algae, squid etc. Some of the bioluminescent organisms occur in symbiotic relationship with the higher organisms. The enzyme that catalyze the bioluminescence reactions is called luciferase, and one of the component substrates is designated as luciferin.
1. Introduction of exogenous DNA into animal cell lines, plant protoplast, yeast protoplast and bacterial protoplast. 2. Electroporation can be used to increase efficiency of transformation or transfection of bacterial cells. 3.
This is done in a test tube by cutting the gene apart with enzymes and replacing parts of
Garland Science. New York. Willey JM, Sherwood LM and Woolverton CJ. Microbiology. 2011.
