ipl-logo

Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab Report

696 Words3 Pages

The experiment that we performed was polymerase chain reaction. We performed it to find what sample matched the unknown sample of DNA that we found at the crime scene. The hypothesis was one of the samples would match the unknown sample. We compared the three known samples against the unknown sample of DNA. We used PCR to allow us to a comparison between the samples by using the position of the bands along the gel. Within the PCR experiment, we used a marker. This moves through the agarose gel by using a flow of electricity. this separates the DNA by the heaviness of each part of the DNA by the number of base pairs. The unknown and the three known samples become fragmented and are then pulled through the gel. The base pairs become separated due to the size of the fragments and the size of the base pairs. This would show the 4 samples and the marker in their size of the fragments. This would allow us to compare the unknown samples to the 3 known samples by the size of the fragments. The result would help us to decide …show more content…

These cycles occur at different temperatures for each of these 3 stages to take place. the denaturing process occurs at 940C. During the denaturing stage of PCR, the DNA reaches its melting point. The heat causes hydrogen bonds between the bases which cause the opening of the DNA. The annealing process occurs around 540C. The primers needed for this process and is usually produced in the lab and line up with the template strand of DNA. Once this occurs it allows a base for the polymerase to attach and then start to copy the DNA. The extension stage occurs at a higher temperature 720C. This creates the best conditions needed so the polymerase bind to the DNA. This produces the second strand which binds together to form the double-stranded DNA. With each cycle that occurs the DNA is then split into 2 bands. with another cycle which can divide again with each cycle, it produces more and more bands. (; ;

Show More
Related
1117 Words | 5 Pages

Step 2: Mix both test tubes , shake gently and time the reaction. Step 3: The same step as procedure 1, and step 3 which is to record the observed color step 4: use the palette/color chart to help you identify the observations you make. Safety precautions: Pull your hair back Safety eye goggles Closed toe

Read More
916 Words | 4 Pages

Allowed the gel to cool for 1-2 minutes. Poured 100 mL of 2% agarose solution into the gel tray and allow to solidify for 20-30 minutes at room temperature. The comb was removed from the gel to expose the sample wells then placed in the electrophoresis chamber. Enough of the 1X TAE electrophoresis buffer was added to the chamber to completely cover the gel. Using a micropipette, 10 L of the PCR product was loaded into the sample well.

Read More
1486 Words | 6 Pages

Purpose: There are many types of PCR. In this lab, we are using normal PCR. This method is different form the Sanger PCR because normal PCR is a procedure that involves DNA template to be amplified by PCR. The difference is the amplification in sequencing. Normal PCR is making copies in a specific region of DNA.

Read More
1850 Words | 8 Pages

Further, control samples were used which would enable the detection of errors in the procedure. The jury decided that these proved the reliability of the methods of DNA analysis. It was also concluded that DNA fingerprinting test results were much more reliable as compared to methods like polygraph testing, hypnosis, intake of truth serum etc. because of the scientific principles and procedures followed in this

Read More
2151 Words | 9 Pages

The lab focuses on DNA fingerprinting which is usually done in forensics to catch criminals by the analysis of DNA fragments of different sizes by a method called electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a separation technique that uses an electric field to separate and distinguish biological molecules (this including DNA) in the experiment, gel is used to as a way to apply friction in electrophoresis which can help you easily distinguish between the DNA because of different sizes in the DNA confirmations. The goal of the experiment was to identify between two separate suspects DNA with restriction enzymes that help tell apart the suspects and who was actually at the crime scene. The methods used were the use of a gel made from agarose placed in a gel tray connected to an electrical current because of the DNA being negative and being able to be pulled apart to the positive side and therefore getting a clear spread of the DNA that was cut with restriction enzymes. The conclusion of this experiment was that suspect two was the criminal because of the crime scene DNA that was found matched the DNA of the second suspect when cut with

Read More
1726 Words | 7 Pages

DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA.

Read More
809 Words | 4 Pages

DNA samples are submitted to a certified laboratory and undergo the following process (DNA Evidence. n.d.): • Extraction is the process of releasing the DNA from the cell. • Quantitation is the process of determining how much DNA you have. • Amplification is the process of producing multiple copies of the DNA in order to characterize it. • Separation is the process of separating amplified DNA product to permit subsequent identification.

Read More
610 Words | 3 Pages

DNA can be compelling evidence in a criminal case (Peak, 2009). Additionally, the FBI uses a different method for DNA, is currently termed “polymerase chain reaction-based-Short Tandem Repeat” typing technique. This would allow the investigators to analyze fluid stains, as well as non-visible staining such as, a ski mask of a bank robber or an envelope that may have something on it. With this type of testing, the evidence collected is compared to the outcome that was collected from the blood or saliva samples that were surrendered from the victims and/or criminals that were possibly associated in the criminal circumstance (Peak, 2009).

Read More
1125 Words | 5 Pages

5. DNA sample. Procedure 2 g agarose was weighed in a conical flask, mixed with TBE buffer (100 ml ) and boiled in a microwave oven to dissolve the agarose and obtain a clear solution. The solution was cooled to a lower temperature and mixed with 2µl of EtBr. This solution was poured into a trough which contained a comb, for polymerization.

Read More
953 Words | 4 Pages

The RNA polymerase, now a holoenzyme, attaches to the promotor sequence forming a closed promoter complex. The polymerase then unwinds a small portion of DNA by the Pribnow box and now forms an open promoter complex. After the open promoter complex is formed the holoenzyme continues down the DNA strand and begins transcription of the coding region of the gene. The process of elongation begins when the RNA polymerase reaches the +1 nucleotide and begins to synthesize RNA using the template strand of the DNA. After of few RNA nucleotides are transcribed, the sigma subunit of the holoenzyme leaves the core enzyme and the core enzymes continues downstream to synthesize the rest of the RNA from the template strand.

Read More
1095 Words | 5 Pages

The technique is based on the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) that is released during synthesis of new DNA due to the incorporation of complimentary nucleotides. Sequencing by synthesis involves using a single stranded DNA template and using enzymes to make a new complimentary strand alongside it. DNA polymerase is incorporated with a chemiluminescent enzyme that emits light when an added nucleotide compliments the unpaired bases along the DNA strand. The addition/removal of one of Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G), (deoxynucleoside triphosphates) results in the light production as the pyrophosphates are released when paired with a complimentary base pair. This process enables the individual sequencing of base pairs on a DNA strand.

Read More
771 Words | 4 Pages

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to make various duplicates of a portion of DNA. PCR is very exact and can be utilized to intensify, or duplicate, a particular DNA target from a blend of DNA molecules. It empowers scientists to create a huge number of duplicates of a particular DNA arrangement in around two hours. This robotized procedure sidesteps the need to utilize microscopic organisms for intensifying DNA.

Read More
1140 Words | 5 Pages

Research Essay I: DNA Testing “In criminal investigation, DNA evidence can be a game changer” (Elster, 2017). Chemist Friedrich Miescher recognized DNA in the 1860s, but in 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick identified more specific details, such as the three-dimensional double helix, that exist within one’s DNA (The History of DNA, 2019). When it comes to solving a crime, DNA evidence can be used to connect criminals with remarkable accuracy (Using DNA to solve crimes, 2017). The first time DNA was implemented in a criminal case was in 1986 (The History of DNA, 2019). Since then, DNA has been used to solve current criminal cases, as well as unsolved cold cases.

Read More
805 Words | 4 Pages

The products of PCR were separated by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel (Applichem, Germany, GmbH) in 1x TBE buffer at room temperature using gradients of 5V/cm. For gel analysis, 15 µl of the products was loaded in each gel slot. A 100 bp and 100DNA Ladders (Qiagen, Germany, GmbH) was used to determine the fragment sizes. The gel was photographed by a gel documentation system (Alpha Innotech, Biometra), and the data was analyzed through computer software.

Read More
1211 Words | 5 Pages

They mostly involve sophisticated machinery and staining techniques that have high-throughput results. A. QF-PCR: Quantitate Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction involves detection of chromosome specific DNA sequences known as genetic markers or short tandem repeats (STRs). It involves the use of primers labeled with fluorescent tags for PCR amplification of individual markers and the copy number of each marker is indicative of the copy number of the chromosome. The resulting PCR products may be analyzed and quantified using an automated genetic analyzer.

Read More

More about Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab Report

Open Document