Also, Saddam used another Machiavelli method that he mentioned in his piece, and he chose fear over love. I remember that everyone feared Saddam because he was ruthless against whoever threatens his authority. Saddam created this fear when he started his presidency because I think that he thought that a leader would not survive in his position without fear. For example, before he became president, he was the Vice President of Iraq. The president at that time who was Ahmed Hassan Al-bakr was forced to resign by Saddam because Saddam wanted to take his place. After that, President Al-bakr resigned and told the people that Saddam will be the president. According to the article History of Iraq part II: the rise of Saddam Hussein, “Hussein announced