Scientific Era
a) Biological roots
Charles Darwin’s Evolution Theory
Gives the framework of human behaviorism and functionalism. His method of comparison is significant in evolutionary psychology.
b) Schools of Psychology
Structuralism - the progenitor is Wilhelm Wundt and term coined by Edward Titchner. Wundt belief is that to analyze our own perceptions, there must be introspection. According to structuralists, mental processes are broken down into the sensations, images and feelings.
Functionalism – William James and John Dewey are advocates. Focus on the processes of thought rather than its contents. Includes observation and experimentation with introspection as a method of collecting data.
Associationism - Studies how occurrences or ideas can become linked or with one another in the mind, to result in a form of learning.
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B. Watson. Behavior is observable and learned. Rejects the idea of internal thoughts.
Gestalt Psychology – Major Gestalt Psychologist is Max Wertheimer. The attributes of the ‘whole’ are greater than its smaller elements and not deducible from of them.
Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud is the founder. This theory is about human nature and behavior; of how the unconscious mind affects human behavior. Also focuses on the treatments of psychological problems.
Humanistic Psychology – Famous Humanists are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. They believe that Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism view humans too negatively. They instead focus on the personal worth of the individual also their potential and self-actualization.
Through eons, Psychology has made significant contributions to understanding mankind. No doubt that we will go on seeing new schools of thinking derived from their predecessor's legacy in hopes that psychologists will continue to answer the questions on the workings of the human mind and helping those in